Lapho Kusetshenziswa Ama-Valve: Yonke Indawo!

08 Novemba 2017 Kubhalwe nguGreg Johnson

Ama-valve angatholakala cishe noma kuphi namuhla: emakhaya ethu, ngaphansi komgwaqo, ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano nasezindaweni eziningi ngaphakathi kwezitshalo zikagesi namanzi, imishini yamaphepha, izindawo zokuhluza, izitshalo zamakhemikhali kanye nezinye izikhungo zezimboni nezengqalasizinda.
Imboni yamavalvu ibanzi ngempela, inezingxenye ezihluka kusukela ekusakazweni kwamanzi kuya emandleni enuzi kuya ku-oyili negesi ephezulu kanye nephansi. Imboni ngayinye yalezi zimboni zabasebenzisi bokugcina isebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile eziyisisekelo zamavalvu; noma kunjalo, imininingwane yokwakha nezinto zokwakha ivame ukuhluka kakhulu. Nasi isampula:

IMISEBENZI YAMANZI
Ezweni lokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi, ukucindezela cishe njalo kuphansi kakhulu futhi amazinga okushisa akhona. Lawo maqiniso amabili okusetshenziswa avumela izakhi eziningana zokuklama ama-valve ezingeke zitholakale emishinini enzima kakhulu njengama-valve omusi okushisa okuphezulu. Izinga lokushisa elikhona lenkonzo yamanzi livumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-elastomer kanye nezimbozo zerabha ezingafaneleki kwenye indawo. Lezi zinto ezithambile zivumela ama-valve amanzi ukuthi afakwe ukuze avale ama-drip ngokuqinile.

Okunye okucatshangelwayo kuma-valve esevisi yamanzi ukukhetha ezintweni zokwakha. Izinsimbi ezibunjiwe nezithambile zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi, ikakhulukazi imigqa emikhulu yobubanzi bangaphandle. Imigqa emincane kakhulu ingaphathwa kahle ngezinto zama-valve ethusi.

Izingcindezi ezibonwa ama-valve amaningi okusebenza kwamanzi zivame ukuba ngaphansi kwama-psi angu-200. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akudingeki imiklamo yokucindezela okuphezulu enodonga olujiyile. Njengoba sekushiwo, kunezimo lapho ama-valve amanzi akhiwe khona ukuze abhekane nezingcindezi eziphakeme, ezifika kuma-psi angu-300. Lezi zicelo zivame ukuba semifudlaneni emide eduze komthombo wokucindezela. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-valve amanzi anokucindezela okuphezulu nawo atholakala ezindaweni zokucindezela okuphezulu edamini elide.

I-American Water Works Association (AWWA) ikhiphe imininingwane ehlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamavalvu kanye nama-actuator asetshenziswa emisebenzini yamanzi.

AMANZI ACELEKILE
Uhlangothi oluphambene lwamanzi ahlanzekile aphuzwayo angena esikhungweni noma esakhiweni amanzi angcolile noma ukukhishwa kwendle. Le migqa iqoqa lonke uketshezi olungcolile kanye nezinto eziqinile bese iziqondisa esikhungweni sokuhlanza indle. Lezi zitshalo zokwelapha zinepayipi elinomfutho ophansi kanye namavalvu amaningi ukuze zenze "umsebenzi wazo ongcolile." Izidingo zamavalvu amanzi angcolile ezimweni eziningi zilula kakhulu kunezidingo zesevisi yamanzi ahlanzekile. Amavalvu esango lensimbi kanye namavalvu okuhlola yizinketho ezithandwa kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwesevisi. Amavalvu ajwayelekile kule nsizakalo akhiwe ngokuhambisana nemininingwane ye-AWWA.

IMBONI YAMANDLA
Iningi lamandla kagesi akhiqizwa e-United States akhiqizwa ezitshalweni zomusi kusetshenziswa ama-fossil-fuel kanye nama-turbine asheshayo. Ukususa isembozo sesitshalo samandla sesimanje kungaveza umbono wezinhlelo zamapayipi anomfutho ophezulu, okushisa okuphezulu. Le migqa eyinhloko iyona ebaluleke kakhulu enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwamandla omusi.

Amavalvu esango ahlala eyisinqumo esiyinhloko sezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvula/ukuvala isitshalo samandla, yize kunezinhloso ezikhethekile, amavalvu eglobhu e-Y-pattern nawo atholakala. Amavalvu ebhola asebenza kahle kakhulu, asebenza kahle kakhulu ayathandwa ngabaklami bezitshalo zamandla futhi aqala ukungena kuleli zwe elake labuswa amavalvu aqondile.

I-Metallurgy ibalulekile kuma-valve ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla, ikakhulukazi lawo asebenza ezindaweni zokusebenza ezibucayi kakhulu noma ezibucayi kakhulu zokucindezela kanye nokushisa. I-F91, i-F92, i-C12A, kanye ne-Inconel eziningana kanye ne-alloys yensimbi engagqwali zivame ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla zanamuhla. Amakilasi okucindezela afaka phakathi i-1500, 2500 kanye kwezinye izimo i-4500. Uhlobo lokushintshashintsha kwezitshalo zamandla eziphezulu (lezo ezisebenza kuphela njengoba kudingeka) lubeka nokucindezeleka okukhulu kuma-valve kanye namapayipi, okudinga imiklamo eqinile yokusingatha inhlanganisela enkulu yokujikeleza, izinga lokushisa kanye nokucindezela.
Ngaphezu kwe-valve eyinhloko yomusi, izitshalo zamandla zigcwele amapayipi asekelayo, agcwele inqwaba yama-gate, i-globe, i-check, i-butterfly kanye nama-ball valve.

Izitshalo zamandla enuzi zisebenza ngesimiso esifanayo somusi/i-turbine yesivinini esikhulu. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi esitshalweni samandla enuzi, umusi udalwa ukushisa okuvela enkambisweni yokuqhekeka. Amavalvu ezitshalo zamandla enuzi afana nezalamane zawo ezisebenzisa uphethiloli, ngaphandle kozalo lwawo kanye nesidingo esengeziwe sokuthembeka okuphelele. Amavalvu enuzi akhiqizwa ngezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu, kanti imibhalo efanelekile neyokuhlola igcwalisa amakhulu amakhasi.

UKUKHIQIZWA KWAMAFUTHA NEGESI
Imithombo kawoyela negesi kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza zisebenzisa kakhulu ama-valve, okuhlanganisa nama-valve amaningi anzima. Nakuba ama-gaspure kawoyela akhipha amakhulu ezinyawo emoyeni engasenakwenzeka, isithombe sibonisa ingcindezi engaba khona kawoyela negesi engaphansi komhlaba. Yingakho izinhloko zemithombo noma izihlahla zikaKhisimusi zibekwa phezulu kwentambo ende yepayipi lomthombo. Lezi zinhlangano, kanye nenhlanganisela yazo yama-valve kanye nezinto ezikhethekile, zenzelwe ukubhekana nengcindezi engaphezu kuka-10,000 psi. Nakuba zingavamile ukutholakala emithonjeni embiwe emhlabathini kulezi zinsuku, ingcindezi ephezulu kakhulu ivame ukutholakala emithonjeni ejulile yolwandle.

Umklamo wemishini ye-Wellhead umbozwe yizincazelo ze-API ezifana ne-6A, Izincazelo ze-Wellhead kanye ne-Christmas Tree Equipment. Ama-valve ambozwe ku-6A aklanyelwe ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu kodwa amazinga okushisa aphansi. Iningi lezihlahla zikaKhisimusi liqukethe ama-valve esango kanye nama-valve akhethekile e-globe abizwa ngokuthi ama-choke. Ama-choke asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukugeleza okuvela emthonjeni.

Ngaphezu kwezindawo zokudonsa amanzi ngokwazo, izindawo eziningi ezisekelayo zigcwele insimu kawoyela noma yegesi. Imishini yokucubungula ukuze ilungise uwoyela noma igesi kusengaphambili idinga amavalvu amaningana. Lawa mavalvu ngokuvamile alinganiswa ngensimbi yekhabhoni yezinhlobo eziphansi.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uketshezi olubola kakhulu—i-hydrogen sulfide—lukhona emfudlaneni kaphethiloli ongahluziwe. Lokhu okubalulekile, okubizwa nangokuthi igesi emuncu, kungaba yingozi. Ukuze kunqotshwe izinselele zegesi emuncu, kumele kulandelwe izinto ezikhethekile noma amasu okucubungula izinto ngokuhambisana nencazelo ye-NACE International MR0175.

IMBONI YASE-OFFSHORE
Izinhlelo zokufaka amapayipi zezindawo zokugaya uwoyela zasogwini kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza ziqukethe ama-valve amaningi akhiwe ngokwezidingo eziningi ezahlukene ukuze abhekane nezinselele eziningi zokulawula ukugeleza. Lezi zindawo ziqukethe nezihibe ezahlukahlukene zesistimu yokulawula kanye namadivayisi okusiza ukucindezeleka.

Ezindaweni zokukhiqiza uwoyela, inhliziyo yemithambo yegazi iyisistimu yangempela yamapayipi okubuyisa uwoyela noma igesi. Nakuba ingekho njalo epulatifomu ngokwayo, izinhlelo eziningi zokukhiqiza zisebenzisa izihlahla zikaKhisimusi nezinhlelo zamapayipi ezisebenza ekujuleni okungafanele okungamamitha ayi-10,000 noma ngaphezulu. Le mishini yokukhiqiza yakhelwe ezindinganisweni eziningi eziqinile ze-American Petroleum Institute (API) futhi ibhekiselwa kuzo eziningana ze-API Recommended Practices (RPs).

Ezinkundleni eziningi ezinkulu zikawoyela, izinqubo ezengeziwe zisetshenziswa oketshezini olungavuthiwe oluvela ekhanda lomthombo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlukanisa amanzi kuma-hydrocarbon kanye nokuhlukanisa uketshezi lwegesi negesi yemvelo emseleni woketshezi. Lezi zinhlelo zamapayipi ezihlahla zangemva kukaKhisimusi ngokuvamile zakhelwe amakhodi amapayipi e-American Society of Mechanical Engineers B31.3 anama-valve aklanywe ngokuhambisana nemininingwane ye-API valve njenge-API 594, API 600, API 602, API 608 kanye ne-API 609.

Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo zingase zibe nama-valve e-API 6D gate, ibhola kanye nokuhlola. Njengoba noma yimaphi amapayipi epulatifomu noma umkhumbi wokubhoboza angaphakathi kwesakhiwo, izidingo eziqinile zokusebenzisa ama-valve e-API 6D kumapayipi azisebenzi. Nakuba kusetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningi zama-valve kulezi zinhlelo zamapayipi, uhlobo lwe-valve olukhethwayo yi-valve yebhola.

AMAPHAYIPHI
Nakuba amapayipi amaningi efihliwe ekubonweni, ukuba khona kwawo kuvame ukubonakala. Izimpawu ezincane ezithi “ipayipi likaphethiloli” ziyisibonakaliso esicacile sokuba khona kwamapayipi okuthutha angaphansi komhlaba. Lawa mapayipi afakwe amavalvu amaningi abalulekile ubude bawo bonke. Amavalvu okuvala amapayipi aphuthumayo atholakala ngezikhathi ezithile njengoba kuchazwe yizindinganiso, amakhodi kanye nemithetho. Lawa mavalvu akhonza inkonzo ebalulekile yokuhlukanisa ingxenye yepayipi uma kwenzeka ukuvuza noma lapho kudingeka ukulungiswa.

Okunye okusakazeke eceleni komzila wepayipi kukhona izindawo lapho umugqa uphuma khona emhlabathini futhi kutholakala ukufinyelela komugqa. Lezi ziteshi ziyikhaya lemishini yokuqalisa "ingulube", equkethe amadivayisi afakwa emapayipini ukuhlola noma ukuhlanza umugqa. Lezi ziteshi zokuqalisa ingulube zivame ukuqukethe amavalvu amaningana, kungaba uhlobo lwesango noma lwebhola. Wonke amavalvu ohlelweni lwepayipi kumele abe nembobo egcwele (ukuvula okugcwele) ukuze kuvunyelwe ukudlula kwezingulube.

Amapayipi nawo adinga amandla ukuze alwe nokungqubuzana kwepayipi futhi alondoloze ingcindezi nokugeleza komugqa. Kusetshenziswa iziteshi zokucindezela noma zokupompa ezibukeka njengezinguqulo ezincane zesitshalo sokucubungula ngaphandle kwemibhoshongo emide yokuqhekeka. Lezi ziteshi ziyikhaya lama-valve amaningi esango, ibhola kanye nepayipi lokuhlola.
Amapayipi ngokwawo aklanywe ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso namakhodi ahlukahlukene, kanti ama-valve epayipi alandela ama-API 6D Pipeline Valve.
Kukhona futhi amapayipi amancane angena ezindlini nasezindaweni zezentengiselwano. Le migqa inikeza amanzi negesi futhi ivikelwe ngamavalvu avaliwe.
Omasipala abakhulu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-United States, bahlinzeka ngomusi wezidingo zokushisa zamakhasimende ezentengiselwano. Le migqa yokuphakelwa komusi ifakwe ama-valve ahlukahlukene ukulawula nokulawula ukuphakelwa komusi. Nakuba uketshezi luwumusi, ukucindezeleka namazinga okushisa kuphansi kunalawo atholakala ekukhiqizweni komusi wesitshalo samandla. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-valve kule nsizakalo, yize i-valve yepulaki ehlonishwayo iseyinketho ethandwayo.

UKUHLINZA IZINTO EZIPHUTHUMAYO NOKUPHETHWA KWEZIMO ZE-PETROCHEMICAL
Amavalvu okuhlanza asebenzisa kakhulu amavalvu ezimboni kunanoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yamavalvu. Izindawo zokuhlanza ziyikhaya loketshezi olubolayo futhi kwezinye izimo, amazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Lezi zici zinquma ukuthi ama-valve akhiwa kanjani ngokuhambisana nemininingwane yomklamo wama-valve e-API njenge-API 600 (ama-valve esango), i-API 608 (ama-valve ebhola) kanye ne-API 594 (hlola ama-valve). Ngenxa yenkonzo enzima ehlangatshezwa yilawa ma-valve amaningi, kudingeka imvume eyengeziwe yokugqwala. Lesi sibonelelo sibonakala ngobukhulu obukhulu bodonga obuchazwe kumadokhumenti omklamo we-API.

Cishe zonke izinhlobo zamavalvu amakhulu zingatholakala ngobuningi endaweni yokuhluza evamile enkulu. Ivalvu yesango etholakala yonke indawo iseyinkosi yegquma enabantu abaningi kakhulu, kodwa amavalvu ashintshashintshayo athatha inani elikhulu lesabelo sawo semakethe. Imikhiqizo eshintshashintshayo ephumelela kakhulu kule mboni (eyake yabuswa yimikhiqizo eqondile) ifaka amavalvu e-butterfly amathathu asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye namavalvu ebhola ahlala ngensimbi.

Ama-standard gate, i-globe kanye nama-check valve asatholakala e-en-mass, futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bomklamo wawo kanye nomnotho wokukhiqiza, ngeke anyamalale maduze.
Izilinganiso zokucindezela kwamavalvu okuhlanza zisukela ku-Class 150 kuya ku-Class 1500, kanti i-Class 300 iyona ethandwa kakhulu.
Izinsimbi zekhabhoni ezingenalutho, njenge-grade WCB (cast) kanye ne-A-105 (forged) yizinto ezithandwa kakhulu ezichazwe futhi ezisetshenziswa kuma-valve ukuze kuhlinzwe indawo yokuhlanza. Izinhlelo eziningi zokucubungula zicindezela imikhawulo ephezulu yokushisa yezinsimbi zekhabhoni ezingenalutho, kanti ama-alloy okushisa aphezulu acacisiwe kulezi zinhlelo. Ezithandwa kakhulu kulezi yizinsimbi ze-chrome/moly ezifana ne-1-1/4% Cr, 2-1/4% Cr, 5% Cr kanye ne-9% Cr. Izinsimbi ezingagqwali kanye nama-alloy ane-nickel ephezulu nazo zisetshenziswa kwezinye izinqubo zokuhlanza ezinzima kakhulu.

AMAKHEMIKALI
Imboni yamakhemikhali isebenzisa kakhulu ama-valve azo zonke izinhlobo nezinto zokwakha. Kusukela ezitshalweni ezincane kuya ezindaweni ezinkulu ze-petrochemical ezitholakala eGulf Coast, ama-valve ayingxenye enkulu yezinhlelo zamapayipi ezinqubo zamakhemikhali.

Iningi lezicelo ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali ziphansi ngokucindezela kunezinqubo eziningi zokucwenga kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Izigaba zokucindezela ezidumile kakhulu zamavalvu ezitshalo zamakhemikhali kanye namapayipi yiClass 150 kanye no-300. Izitshalo zamakhemikhali nazo bezilokhu ziqhubekisela phambili ukuthathwa kwesabelo semakethe amavalvu ebhola abelokhu elwa namavalvu aqondile eminyakeni engama-40 edlule. Ivalvu yebhola ehlala njalo, enokuvala kwayo okungenalutho, ifaneleka kahle kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezitshalo zamakhemikhali. Ubukhulu obuncane bevalvu yebhola buyisici esithandwayo futhi.
Kusenezinye izitshalo zamakhemikhali nezinqubo zezitshalo lapho kukhethwa khona ama-valve aqondile. Kulezi zimo, ama-valve adumile aklanywe nge-API 603, anezindonga ezincane nezisindo ezilula, ngokuvamile ayi-valve yesango noma ye-globe ekhethwayo. Ukulawula amanye amakhemikhali kwenziwa ngempumelelo ngama-valve e-diaphragm noma e-pinch.
Ngenxa yemvelo yokugqwala kwamakhemikhali amaningi kanye nezinqubo zokwenza amakhemikhali, ukukhethwa kwezinto kubalulekile. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziyizinga lensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic engu-316/316L. Lezi zinto zisebenza kahle ukulwa nokugqwala okuvela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zoketshezi olubi ngezinye izikhathi.

Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqinile zokugqwala, kudingeka isivikelo esengeziwe. Amanye amazinga okusebenza aphezulu ensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, njenge-317, 347 kanye ne-321 avame ukukhethwa kulezi zimo. Amanye ama-alloy asetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile ukulawula uketshezi lwamakhemikhali afaka phakathi i-Monel, i-Alloy 20, i-Inconel kanye ne-17-4 PH.

UKUHLUKANISWA KWE-LNG NE-GAS
Kokubili igesi yemvelo ewuketshezi (i-LNG) kanye nezinqubo ezidingekayo zokuhlukaniswa kwegesi kuncike ekufakweni kwamapayipi amakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo zidinga ama-valve angasebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Imboni ye-LNG, ekhula ngokushesha e-United States, ihlala ifuna ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa inqubo yokuncibilika kwegesi. Ngenxa yalokhu, amapayipi nama-valve asekhulile kakhulu futhi izidingo zokucindezela sezikhuphukile.

Lesi simo sidinge abakhiqizi bama-valve ukuthi bathuthukise imiklamo ukuze bahlangabezane nemingcele eqinile. Ama-valve e-quarter-turn ball kanye nama-butterfly athandwa kakhulu ngensizakalo ye-LNG, kanti i-316ss [insimbi engagqwali] iyinto ethandwa kakhulu. I-ANSI Class 600 iyisilingi sokucindezela esivamile sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-LNG. Nakuba imikhiqizo ye-quarter-turn iyizinhlobo zama-valve ezithandwa kakhulu, isango, i-globe kanye nama-check valve angatholakala nasezitshalweni.

Insizakalo yokuhlukanisa igesi ihilela ukuhlukanisa igesi ibe yizakhi zayo eziyisisekelo. Isibonelo, izindlela zokuhlukanisa umoya zikhiqiza i-nitrogen, i-oxygen, i-helium kanye namanye amagesi amancane. Uhlobo lokushisa oluphansi kakhulu lwenqubo lusho ukuthi kudingeka ama-valve amaningi e-cryogenic.

Zombili izitshalo ze-LNG kanye nezokuhlukaniswa kwegesi zinama-valve okushisa okuphansi okumele ahlale esebenza kulezi zimo ezi-cryogenic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lokupakisha ama-valve kumele luphakanyiswe kude noketshezi olushisayo oluphansi ngokusebenzisa ikholomu yegesi noma yokujiya. Le kholomu yegesi ivimbela uketshezi ekwakheni ibhola leqhwa elizungeze indawo yokupakisha, okungavimbela isiqu se-valve ukuthi singaphenduki noma sikhuphuke.

IZAKHIWO ZEZENHWEBO
Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano zisizungezile kodwa ngaphandle kokuthi siqaphele njengoba zakhiwa, asinalo ulwazi oluningi ngemithambo eminingi yamanzi efihliwe ezindongeni zazo zokhuni, ingilazi nensimbi.

Into efanayo cishe kuzo zonke izakhiwo ngamanzi. Zonke lezi zakhiwo ziqukethe izinhlelo ezahlukene zamapayipi ezithwala inhlanganisela eminingi ye-hydrogen/oxygen ngendlela yoketshezi oluphuzwayo, amanzi angcolile, amanzi ashisayo, amanzi ampunga kanye nokuvikelwa komlilo.

Ngokombono wokusinda kwesakhiwo, izinhlelo zomlilo zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuvikelwa komlilo ezakhiweni cishe kuyo yonke indawo kugcwele amanzi ahlanzekile. Ukuze izinhlelo zamanzi omlilo zisebenze kahle, kumele zithembeke, zibe nomfutho owanele futhi zibekwe endaweni efanele kuso sonke isakhiwo. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukukhiqiza amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo uma kwenzeka umlilo.
Izakhiwo eziphakeme zidinga insizakalo efanayo yokucindezela amanzi ezitezi eziphezulu njengezitezi ezingezansi ngakho-ke amaphampu anomfutho ophezulu kanye namapayipi kumele asetshenziswe ukuze amanzi akhuphuke. Izinhlelo zokufaka amapayipi zivame ukuba yiKlasi 300 noma 600, kuye ngokuphakama kwesakhiwo. Zonke izinhlobo zamavalvu ziyasetshenziswa kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza; noma kunjalo, imiklamo yamavalvu kumele ivunyelwe yi-Underwriters Laboratories noma i-Factory Mutual yensizakalo enkulu yomlilo.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo zamavalvu asetshenziswa kumavalvu enkonzo yomlilo asetshenziselwa ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi aphuzwayo, yize inqubo yokugunyazwa ingeyona eqinile kangako.
Izinhlelo zomoya opholile zezentengiselwano ezitholakala ezakhiweni ezinkulu zebhizinisi njengezakhiwo zamahhovisi, amahhotela nezibhedlela zivame ukuba sezindaweni ezimaphakathi. Zineyunithi enkulu yokupholisa noma ibhoyila yokupholisa noma yokushisa uketshezi olusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ukushisa okubandayo noma okuphezulu. Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukuphatha iziqandisi ezifana ne-R-134a, i-hydro-fluorocarbon, noma uma kunezinhlelo ezinkulu zokushisa, umusi. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bama-butterfly nama-ball valve, lezi zinhlobo sezithandwa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokupholisa ze-HVAC.

Ngasohlangothini lomusi, amanye ama-valve okujika amakota asebenze kakhulu, kodwa onjiniyela abaningi bamapayipi basathembele kuma-valve esango eliqondile kanye ne-globe, ikakhulukazi uma amapayipi edinga iziphetho zokushisela. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zomusi ezilinganiselwe, insimbi ithathe indawo yensimbi ephonswe ngenxa yokushisela kwensimbi.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokushisa zisebenzisa amanzi ashisayo esikhundleni somusi njengoketshezi lokudlulisa. Lezi zinhlelo zikhonzwa kahle ngamavalvu ethusi noma ensimbi. Amavalvu ebhola namavevu evemvane ahlala eqine ngamakota athandwa kakhulu, yize eminye imiklamo eqondile isasetshenziswa.

ISIPHETHO
Nakuba ubufakazi bokusetshenziswa kwama-valve okukhulunywe ngawo kulesi sihloko bungase bungabonakali ngesikhathi sohambo oluya eStarbucks noma endlini kagogo, amanye ama-valve abaluleke kakhulu ahlala eseduze. Kukhona ngisho nama-valve enjinini yemoto asetshenziswa ukufika kulezo zindawo njengalezo ezise-carburetor ezilawula ukugeleza kukaphethiloli enjinini kanye nalezo ezisenjinini ezilawula ukugeleza kukaphethiloli kuma-piston bese uphuma futhi. Futhi uma lawo ma-valve engasondelene ngokwanele nokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, cabanga ngeqiniso lokuthi izinhliziyo zethu zishaya njalo ngamadivayisi amane abalulekile okulawula ukugeleza.

Lesi esinye isibonelo seqiniso lokuthi: ama-valve akhona yonke indawo ngempela.
Ingxenye II yalesi sihloko ihlanganisa izimboni ezengeziwe lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-valve. Iya ku-www.valvemagazine.com ukuze ufunde nge-pulp nephepha, ukusetshenziswa kwasolwandle, amadamu kanye namandla kagesi wamanzi, ilanga, insimbi nensimbi, izindiza, ukwenziwa kwe-geothermal, kanye nokwenza ubhiya kanye nokuhluza izinto zobuciko.

UGREG JOHNSON ungumongameli we-United Valve (www.unitedvalve.com) eHouston. Ungumhleli osizayo ku-VALVE Magazine, owayengusihlalo we-Valve Repair Council kanye nelungu lebhodi le-VRC njengamanje. Uphinde abe yilungu leKomidi Lezemfundo Nokuqeqesha le-VMA, uyisekela likasihlalo weKomidi Lezokuxhumana le-VMA futhi wayengumongameli we-Manufacturers Standardization Society.