Isimiso sokuvala ivalvu

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamavalvu, kodwa umsebenzi wawo oyisisekelo uyafana, okuwukuxhuma noma ukunqamula ukugeleza kwemidiya. Ngakho-ke, inkinga yokuvala amavalvu iba sobala kakhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ivalvu inganqamula kahle ukugeleza okuphakathi futhi ivimbele ukuvuza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvalwa kwevalvu akunankinga. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuvuza kwevalvu, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo okungenangqondo, izindawo zokuthintana zokuvala ezinephutha, izingxenye zokubopha ezikhululekile, ukulingana okukhululekile phakathi komzimba wevalvu nesembozo sevalvu, njll. Zonke lezi zinkinga zingaholela ekuvalekeni kwevalvu okungalungile. Ngakho-ke, kudala inkinga yokuvuza. Ngakho-ke,ubuchwepheshe bokuvala ivalvuubuchwepheshe obubalulekile obuhlobene nokusebenza kwe-valve kanye nekhwalithi, futhi budinga ucwaningo oluhlelekile nolujulile.

Kusukela kwadalwa ama-valve, ubuchwepheshe bawo bokuvala bube nentuthuko enkulu. Kuze kube manje, ubuchwepheshe bokuvala ama-valve bubonakala kakhulu ezicini ezimbili ezinkulu, okungukuvala okungaguquki kanye nokuvala okuguquguqukayo.

Okubizwa ngokuthi uphawu oluqinile ngokuvamile kubhekisela ophahleni oluphakathi kwezindawo ezimbili eziqinile. Indlela yokuvala uphawu oluqinile isebenzisa kakhulu ama-gasket.

Okubizwa ngokuthi uphawu oluguquguqukayo kubhekisela kakhulu ku-ukuvalwa kwesiqu se-valve, okuvimbela i-medium evalvini ukuthi ingavuzi ngokuhamba kwesiqu sevalvu. Indlela eyinhloko yokuvala uphawu oluguquguqukayo ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokugcwala.

1. Uphawu oluqinile

Ukuvalwa okuqinile kubhekisela ekwakhekeni kokuvalwa phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ezimile, futhi indlela yokuvala isebenzisa kakhulu ama-gasket. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-washer. Ama-washer asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka ama-washer ayisicaba, ama-washer anomumo we-O, ama-washer asongiwe, ama-washer anomumo okhethekile, ama-washer amagagasi kanye nama-washer amanxeba. Uhlobo ngalunye lungahlukaniswa ngokwezinto ezahlukene ezisetshenziswayo.
①Umshini wokuwasha oyisicabaAma-flat washers angama-flat washers abekwe phansi phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ezimile. Ngokuvamile, ngokwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, angahlukaniswa ngama-flat washers epulasitiki, ama-flat washers erabha, ama-flat washers ensimbi kanye nama-flat washers ahlanganisiwe. Indwangu ngayinye inobubanzi bayo bokusetshenziswa.
②Indandatho engu-O. Indandatho engu-O ibhekisela ku-gasket enesigaba esinqunyiwe esinomumo we-O. Ngenxa yokuthi isigaba sayo esinqunyiwe sinomumo we-O, sinomphumela othile wokuziqinisa, ngakho-ke umphumela wokuvala ungcono kunowe-gasket eyisicaba.
③Faka ama-washer. I-gasket egoqiwe ibhekisela ku-gasket egoqa into ethile kwenye into. I-gasket enjalo ngokuvamile inokuguquguquka okuhle futhi ingathuthukisa umphumela wokuvala. ④Ama-washer anesimo esikhethekile. Ama-washer anesimo esikhethekile abhekisela kulawo ma-gasket anesimo esingajwayelekile, kufaka phakathi ama-washer a-oval, ama-washer edayimane, ama-washer ohlobo lwegiya, ama-washer ohlobo lwe-dovetail, njll. Lawa ma-washer ngokuvamile anomphumela wokuziqinisa futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-valve okucindezela okuphezulu naphakathi.
⑤Umshini wokuwasha amagagasi. Amagagasi amagagasi anesimo samagagasi kuphela. Lawa magagasi ngokuvamile akhiwa yinhlanganisela yezinto zensimbi nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi. Ngokuvamile anezimpawu zamandla amancane okucindezela kanye nomphumela omuhle wokuvala.
⑥ Songa umshini wokuwasha. Ama-gasket amanxeba abhekisela kuma-gasket akhiwe ngokugoqa imichilo yensimbi emincane kanye nemichilo engeyona eyensimbi ndawonye. Lolu hlobo lwe-gasket lunokuguquguquka okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zokuvala. Izinto zokwenza ama-gasket zifaka kakhulu izigaba ezintathu, okungukuthi izinto zensimbi, izinto ezingeyona eyensimbi kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe. Ngokuvamile, izinto zensimbi zinamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuqinile. Izinto zensimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka ithusi, i-aluminium, insimbi, njll. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezingeyona eyensimbi, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, imikhiqizo yerabha, imikhiqizo ye-asbestos, imikhiqizo ye-hemp, njll. Lezi zinto ezingeyona eyensimbi zisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi zingakhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile. Kukhona nezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezihlanganisiwe, kufaka phakathi ama-laminate, amaphaneli ahlanganisiwe, njll., nazo ezikhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile. Ngokuvamile, ama-washer ahlanganisiwe kanye nama-washer amanxeba ajikelezayo asetshenziswa kakhulu.

2. Isivalo esinamandla

I-Dynamic seal ibhekisela ku-seal evimbela ukugeleza okuphakathi ku-valve ukuthi kungavuzi ngokuhamba kwesiqu se-valve. Lena inkinga yokuvala ngesikhathi sokunyakaza okuhlobene. Indlela eyinhloko yokuvala ibhokisi lokugcwalisa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zamabhokisi okugcwalisa: uhlobo lwe-gland kanye nohlobo lwe-compression nut. Uhlobo lwe-gland luyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje. Ngokuvamile, ngokwesimo se-gland, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe kanye nohlobo oluhlanganisiwe. Nakuba ifomu ngalinye lihlukile, ngokuyisisekelo lifaka ama-bolt okucindezela. Uhlobo lwe-compression nut luvame ukusetshenziselwa ama-valve amancane. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane balolu hlobo, amandla okucindezela anqunyelwe.
Ebhokisini lokugxusha, njengoba ukupakisha kuxhumana ngqo nesiqu se-valve, ukupakisha kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nokuvala okuhle, i-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana, ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nengcindezi kanye nokushisa kwe-medium, futhi kumelane nokugqwala. Njengamanje, izigcwalisi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka phakathi izindandatho ze-O zerabha, ukupakisha okulukiwe nge-polytetrafluoroethylene, ukupakisha kwe-asbestos kanye nezigcwalisi zokubumba zepulasitiki. Isigcwalisi ngasinye sinezimo zaso ezifanele kanye nobubanzi baso, futhi kufanele sikhethwe ngokwezidingo ezithile. Ukuvala ukuvimbela ukuvuza, ngakho-ke isimiso sokuvala i-valve sifundwa nangombono wokuvimbela ukuvuza. Kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuvuza. Esinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu esithinta ukusebenza kokuvala, okungukuthi, igebe phakathi kwezibhangqa zokuvala, kanti esinye umehluko wokucindezela phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili zebhangqa lokuvala. Isimiso sokuvala i-valve sihlaziywa futhi ngezici ezine: ukuvala uketshezi, ukuvala igesi, isimiso sokuvala isiteshi sokuvuza kanye nebhangqa lokuvala i-valve.

Ukuqina koketshezi

Izakhiwo zokuvala uketshezi zinqunywa ubungako kanye nokuqina kobuso boketshezi. Lapho i-capillary ye-valve evuzayo igcwele igesi, ukuqina kobuso kungaxosha uketshezi noma kungenise uketshezi ku-capillary. Lokhu kudala i-angle eqondile. Lapho i-angle eqondile ingaphansi kuka-90°, uketshezi luzofakwa ku-capillary, futhi kuzovela ukuvuza. Ukuvuza kwenzeka ngenxa yezakhiwo ezahlukene ze-media. Ukuhlola okusebenzisa i-media ehlukene kuzoveza imiphumela ehlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Ungasebenzisa amanzi, umoya noma i-kerosene, njll. Lapho i-angle eqondile ingaphezu kuka-90°, kuzovela ukuvuza. Ngoba kuhlobene nefilimu yamafutha noma ye-wax ebusweni bensimbi. Uma la mafilimu obuso esencibilikile, izakhiwo zobuso bensimbi ziyashintsha, futhi uketshezi oluxoshwe ekuqaleni luzomanzisa ubuso futhi luvuze. Ngenxa yalesi simo esingenhla, ngokusho kwefomula kaPoisson, inhloso yokuvimbela ukuvuza noma ukunciphisa inani lokuvuza ingafezwa ngokunciphisa ububanzi be-capillary nokwandisa ubungako bokuxhumana.

Ukuqina kwegesi

Ngokusho kwefomula kaPoisson, ukuqina kwegesi kuhlobene nokuqina kwama-molecule egesi kanye negesi. Ukuvuza kuhambelana ngokungalingani nobude be-capillary tube kanye nokuqina kwegesi, futhi kuhambelana ngqo nobubanzi be-capillary tube kanye namandla okushayela. Lapho ububanzi be-capillary tube bufana nesilinganiso senkululeko yama-molecule egesi, ama-molecule egesi azogeleza angene kwi-capillary tube ngokunyakaza kokushisa okukhululekile. Ngakho-ke, lapho senza ukuhlolwa kokuvala i-valve, indawo ephakathi kumele ibe ngamanzi ukuze kufezwe umphumela wokuvala, kanti umoya, okungukuthi, igesi, awukwazi ukufeza umphumela wokuvala.

Ngisho noma sinciphisa ububanzi be-capillary ngaphansi kwama-molecule egesi ngokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki, asikwazi ukuvimba ukugeleza kwegesi. Isizathu ukuthi amagesi asengasabalala ngezindonga zensimbi. Ngakho-ke, lapho senza ukuhlolwa kwegesi, kumelwe sibe lukhuni kakhulu kunokuhlolwa koketshezi.

Umgomo wokuvala isiteshi sokuvuza

I-valve seal inezingxenye ezimbili: ukungalingani okusabalala ebusweni begagasi kanye nokuqina kokuqina kwebanga eliphakathi kweziqongo zamagagasi. Uma izinto eziningi zensimbi ezweni lethu zinokucindezeleka okuphansi kokunwebeka, uma sifuna ukufeza isimo esivalwe, sidinga ukuphakamisa izidingo eziphakeme kumandla okucindezela ezinto zensimbi, okungukuthi, amandla okucindezela ezinto kumele adlule ukuqina kwawo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuklanywa i-valve, umbhangqwana wokuvala uhambisana nomehluko othile wobunzima. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela, kuzokhiqizwa izinga elithile lomphumela wokuvala we-plastic deformation.

Uma indawo yokuvala yenziwe ngezinto zensimbi, khona-ke amaphuzu angalingani aphumayo ebusweni azovela ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, umthwalo omncane kuphela ongasetshenziswa ukubangela ukuguquka kwepulasitiki kwala maphuzu angalingani aphumayo. Lapho indawo yokuxhumana ikhula, ukungalingani kwendawo kuba ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki-ukunwebeka. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuzoba khona ukuqina kwezinhlangothi zombili endaweni yokuphumula. Uma kudingeka ukufaka umthwalo ongabangela ukuguquka okukhulu kwepulasitiki kwezinto ezingaphansi, bese wenza izindawo ezimbili zisondelane, lezi zindlela ezisele zingenziwa zisondele emgqeni oqhubekayo kanye nesiqondiso esijikelezayo.

Ipheya lophawu lwe-valve

Ipheya lokuvala ivalvu liyingxenye yesihlalo sevalvu kanye nelungu lokuvala elivalayo lapho zihlangana. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, indawo yokuvala insimbi yonakala kalula yimidiya ehlanganisiwe, ukugqwala kwemidiya, izinhlayiya zokuguguleka, ukugoba kanye nokuguguleka. Njengezinhlayiya zokuguguleka. Uma izinhlayiya zokuguguleka zincane kunobulukhuni bomphezulu, ukunemba komphezulu kuzothuthukiswa kunokuba kuwohloke lapho indawo yokuvala iguguleka. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukunemba komphezulu kuzowohloka. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhethwa izinhlayiya zokuguguleka, izici ezifana nezinto zazo, izimo zokusebenza, ukuthambisa, kanye nokugqwala komphezulu wokuvala kumele kucatshangelwe ngokuphelele.

Njengezinhlayiya ezigugile, lapho sikhetha izivalo, kumelwe sicabangele ngokuphelele izici ezahlukahlukene ezithinta ukusebenza kwazo ukuze sivimbele ukuvuza. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto ezingamelani nokugqwala, imihuzuko kanye nokuguguleka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwanoma yisiphi isidingo kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo kokuvala.