Isimiso sokuvala i-valve

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-valve, kodwa umsebenzi wawo oyisisekelo uyafana, okuwukuxhuma noma ukunqamula ukugeleza kwemidiya. Ngakho-ke, inkinga yokuvala ama-valve iba yinto evelele kakhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-valve ingakwazi ukusika ukugeleza okuphakathi kahle futhi ivimbele ukuvuza, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphawu lwe-valve luqinile. Ziningi izizathu zokuvuza kwevalvu, okuhlanganisa ukuklama kwesakhiwo okungenangqondo, izindawo zokuthintana zokuvala ezinesici, izingxenye zokubopha ezixegayo, ukuxega okuxekethile phakathi komzimba wevalvu kanye nesembozo sevalvu, njll. Zonke lezi zinkinga zingase ziholele ekuvaleni okungafanele kwevalvu. Hhayi-ke, ngaleyo ndlela kudala inkinga yokuvuza. Ngakho-ke,ubuchwepheshe bokuvalwa kwe-valveubuchwepheshe obubalulekile obuhlobene nokusebenza kwe-valve nekhwalithi, futhi budinga ucwaningo oluhlelekile nolujulile.

Kusukela ekudalweni kwama-valve, ubuchwepheshe babo bokuvala uphawu buye babhekana nentuthuko enkulu. Kuze kube manje, ubuchwepheshe bokuvala ama-valve buboniswa ikakhulukazi ezicini ezimbili ezinkulu, okuwukuthi ukuvala uphawu okumile kanye nokuvala uphawu okuguquguqukayo.

Okubizwa ngokuthi isigxivizo esimile ngokuvamile kubhekisela ophawu oluphakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezimile. Indlela yokuvala uphawu lwe-static ikakhulukazi isebenzisa ama-gaskets.

Okubizwa ngokuthi uphawu oluguquguqukayo ngokuyinhloko kubhekiselwa kuyoukuvalwa kwesiqu se-valve, okuvimbela i-medium ku-valve ukuthi ingavuzi ngokuhamba kwesiqu se-valve. Indlela eyinhloko yokuvala uphawu lwe-dynamic seal ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokugxusha.

1. Isigxivizo esiqinile

Ukubekwa uphawu okungaguquki kubhekisela ekwakhekeni kwesigxivizo phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ezimile, futhi indlela yokuvala isebenzisa ama-gaskets. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamawasha. Amawasha asetshenziswa kakhulu ahlanganisa amawasha ayisicaba, amawasha amise okwe-O, amawasha asongwe, amawasha anesimo esikhethekile, awawasha amaza kanye namawasha amanxeba. Uhlobo ngalunye lungahlukaniswa ngokuqhubekayo ngokuya ngezinto ezahlukene ezisetshenziswayo.
①Iwasha eliyisicaba. Amawasha ayisicaba amawasha ayisicaba abekwe aphansi phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ezimile. Ngokujwayelekile, ngokwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, zingahlukaniswa zibe amawasha angamapulangwe ayisicaba, amawasha ayisicaba erabha, amawasha ayisicaba ensimbi kanye namawasha ayisicaba ayinhlanganisela. Impahla ngayinye inokusebenza kwayo. ububanzi.
②O-ring. I-O-ring ibhekisela ku-gasket ene-cross-section emise okwe-O. Ngenxa yokuthi i-cross-section yayo imise okwe-O, inomphumela othile wokuziqinisa, ngakho umphumela wokuvala ungcono kunalowo we-gasket eyisicaba.
③Faka phakathi amawasha. I-gasket egoqwe isho i-gasket egoqa into ethile kwenye into. I-gasket enjalo ngokuvamile inokunwebeka okuhle futhi ingathuthukisa umphumela wokuvala. ④Amawasha anomumo okhethekile. Amawasha anomumo okhethekile abhekisela kulawo ma-gaskets anomumo ongajwayelekile, okuhlanganisa amawasha okusaqanda, amawasha edayimane, amawasha ohlobo lwegiya, amawasha ohlobo lwe-dovetail, njll. Lawa mawasha ngokuvamile anomphumela wokuziqinisa futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu kumavalvu okucindezela okukhulu nokuphakathi. .
⑤Iwashi lamagagasi. Ama-wave gaskets ama-gasket anomumo wamagagasi kuphela. Lawa ma-gaskets ngokuvamile akhiwa inhlanganisela yezinto zensimbi nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi. Ngokuvamile banezici zamandla amancane okucindezela kanye nomphumela omuhle wokuvala uphawu.
⑥ Goqa iwasha. Ama-gaskets amanxeba abhekisela kuma-gaskets akhiwe ngokugoqa imicu yensimbi emincane nemicu engeyona eyensimbi ihlanganiswe ndawonye. Lolu hlobo lwe-gasket lunezimo ezinhle zokunwebeka kanye nokuvala uphawu. Izinto zokwenza ama-gaskets ikakhulukazi zifaka izigaba ezintathu, okuyizinto zensimbi, izinto ezingezona ezensimbi nezinto eziyinhlanganisela. Ngokuvamile, izinto zensimbi zinamandla amakhulu nokumelana nokushisa okuqinile. Izinto zensimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka ithusi, i-aluminium, insimbi, njll. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezingezona ezensimbi, okuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, imikhiqizo yenjoloba, imikhiqizo ye-asbestos, imikhiqizo ye-hemp, njll. Lezi zinto ezingezona ezensimbi zisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi zingakhethwa. ngokwezidingo ezithile. Kukhona nezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezihlanganisiwe, kufaka phakathi ama-laminates, amapaneli ahlanganisiwe, njll, abuye akhethwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezithile. Ngokuvamile, amawasha kathayela namawasha amanxeba avunguzayo asetshenziswa kakhulu.

2. Isigxivizo esinamandla

I-Dynamic seal isho uphawu oluvimbela ukugeleza okuphakathi kwe-valve ekuvuzeni ngokunyakaza kwesiqu se-valve. Lokhu kuyinkinga yokuvala ngesikhathi sokunyakaza okuhlobene. Indlela yokuvala eyinhloko yibhokisi lokugxusha. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokugxusha amabhokisi: uhlobo lwendlala kanye nohlobo lwamantongomane okucindezela. Uhlobo lwegland luyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje. Ngokuvamile, ngokwesimo se-gland, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe kanye nohlobo olubalulekile. Nakuba ifomu ngalinye lihlukile, ngokuyisisekelo lihlanganisa amabhawodi okucindezela. Uhlobo lwenati lokucindezela ngokuvamile lusetshenziselwa ama-valve amancane. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane balolu hlobo, amandla okucindezela alinganiselwe.
Ebhokisini lokugxusha, njengoba ukupakisha kuthintana ngqo nesiqu se-valve, ukupakisha kuyadingeka ukuze kube nokubekwa uphawu okuhle, i-coefficient encane ye-friction, ikwazi ukujwayela ukucindezela kanye nezinga lokushisa le-medium, futhi ikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala. Njengamanje, ama-filler asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka ama-O-rings enjoloba, ukupakisha okuboshwe nge-polytetrafluoroethylene, ukupakisha kwe-asbestos kanye nezigcwalisi zokubumba zepulasitiki. Isigcwalisi ngasinye sinemibandela nobubanzi baso obusebenzayo, futhi kufanele sikhethwe ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile. Ukubeka uphawu ukuvimbela ukuvuza, ngakho-ke umgomo wokuvala ama-valve nawo uyafundwa ngombono wokuvimbela ukuvuza. Kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuvuza. Esinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu esithinta ukusebenza kokuvala, okungukuthi, igebe phakathi kwamapheya okuvala, kanti enye umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili zokuvala. Umgomo wokuvala ama-valve nawo uyahlaziywa kusukela ezicini ezine: ukuvala uketshezi, ukuvala igesi, umgomo wokuvuza wokuvala isiteshi kanye nokubhangqa kokuvala ama-valve.

Ukuqina koketshezi

Izici zokuvala zoketshezi zinqunywa i-viscosity kanye nokungezwani kwendawo yoketshezi. Lapho i-capillary ye-valve evuzayo igcwele igesi, ukungezwani kwendawo kungase kuxoshe uketshezi noma kungenise uketshezi ku-capillary. Lokhu kudala i-angle ye-tangent. Uma i-angle ye-tangent ingaphansi kuka-90 °, uketshezi luzojovwa ku-capillary, futhi ukuvuza kuzokwenzeka. Ukuvuza kwenzeka ngenxa yezakhiwo ezahlukene zemidiya. Ukuhlola usebenzisa imidiya ehlukene kuzoveza imiphumela ehlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Ungasebenzisa amanzi, umoya noma uphalafini, njll. Uma i-angle ye-tangent inkulu kuno-90°, ukuvuza nakho kuzokwenzeka. Ngoba ihlobene namafutha noma ifilimu ye-wax ebusweni bensimbi. Uma lawa mafilimu angaphezulu esencibilikisiwe, izakhiwo zendawo yensimbi ziyashintsha, futhi uketshezi oluxoshiwe ekuqaleni luzomanzisa indawo futhi luvuze. Ngenxa yalesi simo esingenhla, ngokwefomula kaPoisson, inhloso yokuvimbela ukuvuza noma ukunciphisa inani lokuvuza ingafinyelelwa ngokunciphisa ububanzi be-capillary nokwandisa i-viscosity ye-medium.

Ukuqina kwegesi

Ngokwefomula kaPoisson, ukuqina kwegesi kuhlobene ne-viscosity yama-molecule egesi kanye negesi. Ukuvuza kuhambisana ngokuphambene nobude beshubhu le-capillary kanye ne-viscosity yegesi, futhi ngokulingana ngokuqondile nobubanzi beshubhu le-capillary namandla okushayela. Lapho ububanzi beshubhu ye-capillary bufana nesilinganiso sezinga lenkululeko yama-molecule egesi, ama-molecule egesi azogeleza eshubhu le-capillary ngokunyakaza kwamahhala okushisayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho senza ukuhlolwa kokuvala i-valve, okuphakathi kufanele kube ngamanzi ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokuvala, futhi umoya, okungukuthi, igesi, awukwazi ukufeza umphumela wokuvala.

Ngisho noma sinciphisa ububanzi be-capillary ngaphansi kwama-molecule egesi ngokusebenzisa i-plastic deformation, asikwazi ukumisa ukugeleza kwegesi. Isizathu siwukuthi amagesi asengakwazi ukusakazeka ezindongeni zensimbi. Ngakho-ke, lapho senza ukuhlolwa kwegesi, kufanele siqine kakhulu kunokuhlola uketshezi.

Umgomo wokuvala wesiteshi sokuvuza

I-valve seal iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: ukungalingani okusabalala endaweni yamagagasi kanye nokuqina kokuzamazama ebangeni eliphakathi kweziqongo zamagagasi. Esimeni lapho iningi lezinto zensimbi ezweni lethu linobunzima obuphansi bokunwebeka, uma sifuna ukufeza isimo esivaliwe, sidinga ukuphakamisa izidingo eziphakeme kumandla wokucindezela wensimbi, okungukuthi, amandla okucindezela wento. kufanele idlule ukunwebeka kwayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama i-valve, umbhangqwana wokuvala uphawu ufaniswa nomehluko othile wobunzima. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela, izinga elithile le-plastic deformation deformation sealing effect lizokhiqizwa.

Uma indawo yokubeka uphawu yenziwe ngezinto zensimbi, khona-ke amaphuzu angalingani aphuma phezulu azovela kuqala. Ekuqaleni, umthwalo omncane kuphela ongasetshenziswa ukuze ubangele ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kulawa maphuzu aphumayo angalingani. Lapho indawo yokuxhumana ikhula, ukungalingani okungaphezulu kuba yi-plastic-elastic deformation. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugoqa ezinhlangothini zombili ku-recess kuzoba khona. Uma kudingekile ukufaka umthwalo ongabangela ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwepulasitiki yezinto ezingaphansi, futhi wenze izindawo ezimbili eziseduze, lezi zindlela ezisele zingenziwa zisondele eduze komugqa oqhubekayo kanye nokuqondisa okuzungezile.

I-valve seal pair

I-valve sealing pair iyingxenye yesihlalo se-valve kanye nelungu elivalayo elivalayo lapho lithintana. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, i-metal sealing surface yonakaliswa kalula yimidiya ehlanganisiwe, ukugqwala kwemidiya, izinhlayiya zokugqoka, i-cavitation kanye nokuguguleka. Njengokugqoka izinhlayiya. Uma izinhlayiya ezigqokile zizincane kunobulukhuni bobuso, ukunemba kwendawo kuzothuthukiswa kunokuwohloka lapho indawo yokuvala igqokwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukunemba kwendawo kuzobe kubi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha izinhlayiya zokugqoka, izici ezifana nezinto zazo, izimo zokusebenza, ukuthambisa, nokugqwala endaweni yokuvala kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokuphelele.

Njengezinhlayiya ezigugileyo, lapho sikhetha izimvu zamanzi, kufanele sicabangele ngokucophelela izici ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ukusebenza kwazo ukuze sigweme ukuvuza. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinto ezimelana nokugqwala, imihuzuko kanye nokuguguleka. Uma kungenjalo, ukuntuleka kwanoma iyiphi imfuneko kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo kokubeka uphawu.