Ukuze kuvinjwe ukuvuza kwamafutha okugcoba kanye nezinto zangaphandle ukuthi zingangeni, isembozo esihlanganisiwe esenziwe ngengxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu siboshelwa endandatho eyodwa noma emshinini wokuwasha webheri bese sithinta enye indandatho noma umshini wokuwasha, okudala isikhala esincane esaziwa ngokuthi i-labyrinth. Amasongo erabha anesigaba esijikelezayo akha indandatho yokuvalela. Yaziwa ngokuthi indandatho yokuvalela enomumo we-O ngenxa yesigaba sayo esijikelezayo esinomumo we-O.

1. Indandatho yokuvala irabha ye-nitrile ye-NBR

Amanzi, uphethiloli, amafutha e-silicone, uwoyela we-silicone, uwoyela wokugcoba osuselwa ku-diester, uwoyela we-hydraulic osuselwa ku-petroleum, kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo konke kungasetshenziswa nayo. Njengamanje, iyisivikelo serabha esingabizi kakhulu futhi esivame ukusetshenziswa. Akukhuthazwa ukusetshenziswa nezinyibilikisi ze-polar ezifana ne-chloroform, ama-nitrohydrocarbon, ama-ketone, i-ozone, kanye ne-MEK. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokusebenza liyi--40 kuya ku-120 °C.

2. Indandatho yokuvala irabha ye-nitrile ene-hydrogenated HNBR

Iyakwazi ukumelana kahle ne-ozone, ilanga, nesimo sezulu, futhi imelana kakhulu nokugqwala, ukuklebhuka, kanye nokuguqulwa kokucindezelwa. Ihlala isikhathi eside uma iqhathaniswa nerabha ye-nitrile. Ilungele ukuhlanza izinjini zezimoto nezinye izinto. Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa lokhu ngezixazululo ze-aromatic, ama-alcohol, noma ama-ester. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokusebenza lingu--40 kuya ku-150 °C.

3. Indandatho yokuvala irabha ye-silicone ye-SIL

Iyakwazi ukumelana kahle nokushisa, ukubanda, i-ozone, kanye nokuguga emoyeni. Inezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela ukushisa. Ayimelani namafutha, futhi amandla ayo okubamba aphansi kunenjoloba evamile. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa nezifudumezi zamanzi zikagesi, izinsimbi zikagesi, ama-oven e-microwave, kanye neminye imishini yasekhaya. Ifaneleka futhi ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, njengemithombo yokuphuza nama-kettle, athinta isikhumba somuntu. Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide, amafutha, ama-acid agxilile, noma iningi lezinyibilikisi ezigxilile. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza okuvamile lingu-55~250 °C.

4. Indandatho yokuvala irabha ye-fluorine ye-VITON

Isimo sezulu sayo esimangalisayo, i-ozone, kanye nokumelana kwamakhemikhali kuhambisana nokumelana kwayo okuphezulu kokushisa; noma kunjalo, ukumelana kwayo nokubanda akulingani. Iningi lamafutha kanye nezinyibilikisi, ikakhulukazi ama-acid, ama-hydrocarbon e-aliphatic kanye ne-aromatic, kanye namafutha emifino nawezilwane, awayithinti. Ilungele izinhlelo zikaphethiloli, izikhungo zamakhemikhali, kanye nezidingo zokuvala injini yedizili. Ukusetshenziswa nama-ketone, ama-ester anesisindo esiphansi sama-molecule, kanye nezingxube eziqukethe ama-nitrate akukhuthazwa. -20 kuya ku-250 °C ububanzi obujwayelekile bokushisa bokusebenza.

5. Indandatho yokuvala irabha ye-FLS fluorosilicone

Ukusebenza kwayo kuhlanganisa izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-silicone kanye nerabha ye-fluorine. Iphinde imelane kakhulu nezinyibilikisi, uwoyela kaphethiloli, amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi, kanye namafutha. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka kwamakhemikhali okuhlanganisa i-oxygen, izinyibilikisi eziqukethe ama-hydrocarbon aromatic, kanye nezinyibilikisi eziqukethe i-chlorine. -50~200 °C ububanzi obujwayelekile bokushisa bokusebenza.

6. Indandatho yokuvala irabha ye-EPDM EPDM

Ayinamanzi, ayimelani namakhemikhali, ayimelani ne-ozone, futhi ayimelani nesimo sezulu. Isebenza kahle ekuvaleni izinhlelo ezifaka phakathi ama-alcohol nama-ketone kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi okushisa okuphezulu. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokusebenza lingu--55 kuya ku-150 °C.

7. Indandatho yokuvala ye-CR neoprene

Iyakwazi ukumelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu kanye nokukhanya kwelanga. Imelana nama-asidi ancibilikisiwe kanye nama-oliva e-silicone grease, futhi ayiwesabi ama-refrigerant njenge-dichlorodifluoromethane kanye ne-ammonia. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhula kakhulu kumafutha amaminerali anamaphuzu aphansi e-aniline. Amazinga okushisa aphansi enza ukwakheka kwekristalu kanye nokuqina kube lula. Ifaneleka ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zomoya, ilanga, kanye ne-ozone kanye nohlu lokuxhumanisa okuvikelayo ngamakhemikhali namalangabi. Ukusetshenziswa nama-asidi aqinile, ama-nitrohydrocarbon, ama-ester, ama-ketone compounds, kanye ne-chloroform akukhuthazwa. Ububanzi obujwayelekile bokushisa bokusebenza bungu--55 kuya ku-120 °C.

8. Indandatho yokuvala irabha ye-butyl ye-IIR

Isebenza kahle kakhulu maqondana nokuqina komoya, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana ne-UV, ukumelana ne-ozone, kanye nokushisa; ngaphezu kwalokho, ingamelana nokuchayeka ezintweni ezikwazi ukukhiqizwa i-oxidative kanye namafutha ezilwane nemifino futhi inokumelana okuhle nezixazululo ze-polar okuhlanganisa ama-alcohol, ama-ketone, nama-ester. Ifaneleka imishini yokumelana ne-vacuum noma yamakhemikhali. Akukhuthazwa ukuyisebenzisa ne-kerosene, ama-hydrocarbon aromatic, noma izixazululo ze-petroleum. -50 kuya ku-110 °C ububanzi obujwayelekile bokushisa bokusebenza.

9. Indandatho yokuvala irabha ye-acrylic ye-ACM

Ukumelana kwayo nesimo sezulu, ukumelana nowoyela, kanye nezinga lokuguquguquka kokucindezela konke kungaphansi kwesilinganiso, noma kunjalo amandla ayo okusebenza, ukumelana namanzi, kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu konke kuhle kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezinhlelweni zokuqondisa amandla kanye nama-gearbox ezimotweni. Akukhuthazwa ukusetshenziswa ne-brake fluid, amanzi ashisayo, noma ama-phosphate esters. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokusebenza lingu--25 kuya ku-170 °C.

10. Indandatho yokuvala irabha yemvelo ye-NR

Izimpahla zerabha ziqinile ekulweni nokuklebhuka, ukunwebeka, ukuguguleka, kanye nokunwebeka. Nokho, iyaguga ngokushesha emoyeni, inamathele uma ishiswa, inwebeka kalula, incibilike ku-oyili yamaminerali noma uphethiloli, futhi imelana ne-asidi emnene kodwa hhayi i-alkali eqinile. Ifanele ukusetshenziswa koketshezi olunama-ion e-hydroxyl, i-ethanol kanye noketshezi lwamabhuleki emoto. -20 kuya ku-100 °C ububanzi obujwayelekile bokushisa bokusebenza.

11. Indandatho yokuvala irabha ye-PU polyurethane

Irabha ye-polyurethane inezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini; idlula amanye amarabha ngokwenqaba ukuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu. Ukumelana kwayo nokuguga, i-ozone, kanye namafutha nakho kuhle kakhulu; kodwa, emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, isengozini yokuphelelwa yi-hydrolysis. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuvala izixhumanisi ezingamelana nokuguga kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokusebenza lingu--45 kuya ku-90 °C.