Iyini ivalvu?

I-valve, ngezinye izikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-valve ngesiNgisi, iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuvimba noma ukulawula kancane ukugeleza koketshezi oluhlukahlukene. I-valve iyisengezo sepayipi esisetshenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala amapayipi, ukulawula indlela yokugeleza, nokuguqula nokulawula izici zendlela yokudlulisa, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nokugeleza. Ingahlukaniswa ngama-valve avaliwe, ukuhlola ama-valve, ukulawula ama-valve, njalo njalo kuye ngomsebenzi. Ama-valve ayizingxenye ezilawula ukugeleza kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zoketshezi, okuhlanganisa umoya, amanzi, umusi, njll. ezinhlelweni zokulethwa koketshezi. Ama-valve ensimbi ephothiwe, ama-valve ensimbi ephothiwe, ama-valve ensimbi engagqwali, ama-valve ensimbi ye-chromium molybdenum, ama-valve ensimbi ye-chrome molybdenum vanadium, ama-valve ensimbi e-duplex, ama-valve epulasitiki, ama-valve angenziwe ngokwezifiso angejwayelekile, njll. ambalwa nje ezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezincazelo zama-valve.

Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi esidlule se-valve

Usuku ngalunye lokuphila kwethu luthintwa ukusetshenziswa kwamavalvu. Sisebenzisa amavalvu uma sivula impompi ukuze sithole amanzi okuphuza noma umshini wokucima umlilo wokunisela izitshalo. Ukuqhubeka kwamavalvu amaningi kungenxa yokuhlangana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamapayipi.

Ukuvela kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezimbonini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-valve kuhlobene kakhulu. Itshe elikhulu noma isiqu somuthi singasetshenziswa ukuvimba ukugeleza kwamanzi noma ukushintsha indlela yawo ezweni lasendulo ukuze kulawulwe ukugeleza kwemifula noma imifudlana. ULi Bing (iminyaka yokuzalwa nokufa engaziwa) waqala ukumba imithombo kasawoti eThafeni laseChengdu ekupheleni kwenkathi yeZizwe Ezilwayo ukuze athole usawoti omanzi nowosiwe.

Uma kukhishwa usawoti, ucezu oluncane lwe-bamboo lusetshenziswa njengesilinda sokukhipha usawoti esifakwa esitsheni futhi sine-valve yokuvula nokuvala phansi. Kwakhiwa uhlaka olukhulu lokhuni phezu komthombo, futhi isilinda esisodwa singadonsa usawoti obiza amabhakede amaningana. Usawoti ube usuthathwa kusetshenziswa isondo lombumbi kanye nesondo ukuze kuthululwe ibhakede le-bamboo. Lifake emthonjeni ukuze kudonswe usawoti ukuze kwenziwe usawoti, bese ufaka i-valve yokhuni ekugcineni ukuze kumiswe ukuvuza.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, imiphakathi yaseGibhithe neyaseGrisi yakha izinhlobo eziningi ezilula zamavalvu okunisela izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile kuyavunywa ukuthi amaRoma asendulo adala izinhlelo zokunisela amanzi eziyinkimbinkimbi zokunisela izitshalo, esebenzisa amavalvu e-cock kanye ne-plunger kanye namavalvu angabuyi ukuvimba amanzi ukuthi ageleze emuva.

Imiklamo eminingi yobuchwepheshe kaLeonardo da Vinci kusukela enkathini yeRenaissance, okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokunisela, imisele yokunisela, kanye neminye imisebenzi ebalulekile yesistimu ye-hydraulic, isasebenzisa ama-valve.

Kamuva, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokushisa kanye nemishini yokonga amanzi ithuthuka eYurophu,isidingo sama-valveNgenxa yalokho, kwathuthukiswa amavalvu ethusi ne-aluminium plug, futhi amavalvu afakwa ohlelweni lwensimbi.

Inguquko Yezimboni kanye nomlando wanamuhla wemboni yama-valve kunemilando efanayo eye yajula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Injini yokuqala ye-steam yezentengiselwano yadalwa ngo-1705 nguNewcomman, owaphakamisa nezimiso zokulawula zokusebenza kwenjini ye-steam. Ukusungulwa kukaWatt kwenjini ye-steam ngo-1769 kwaphawula ukungena okusemthethweni kwe-valve embonini yemishini. Ama-valve e-plug, ama-valve okuphepha, ama-valve okuhlola, nama-valve e-butterfly kwakusetshenziswa njalo ezinjinini ze-steam.

Izicelo eziningi ebhizinisini lama-valve zisuka ekudalweni kwenjini yesitimu nguWatt. Ama-valve esilayidi aqala ukuvela ngekhulu le-18 nele-19 ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinjini zesitimu yizimayini, uku-ayina, ukukhiqiza izindwangu, imishini, kanye nezinye izimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wadala isilawuli sejubane sokuqala, okwaholela ekwandeni kwesithakazelo ekulawuleni ukugeleza koketshezi. Intuthuko ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwama-valve ukuvela okulandelayo kwama-valve e-globe aneziqu ezifakwe izintambo kanye nama-valve esango le-wedge aneziqu ezifakwe izintambo ze-trapezoidal.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamavalvu ekuqaleni kwanelisa izidingo zokulawulwa kokugeleza kanye nezidingo zezimboni eziningi zokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi yamavalvu kanye nokushisa.

Ama-valve ebhola noma ama-valve epulaki eliyindilinga, asukela ekwakhiweni kukaJohn Wallen noJohn Charpmen ngekhulu le-19 kodwa angazange akhiqizwe ngaleso sikhathi, kufanele ukuthi ngokwemfundiso ayengama-valve okuqala emlandweni.

I-US Navy yayingumsekeli wokuqala wokusetshenziswa kwama-valve emikhunjini engaphansi komhlaba ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-valve kwenziwa ngokukhuthazwa nguhulumeni. Ngenxa yalokho, kwenziwe amaphrojekthi amaningi amasha e-R&D kanye nezinhlelo endaweni yokusetshenziswa kwama-valve, futhi impi iholele nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha bama-valve.

Iminotho yamazwe athuthukile kwezimboni yaqala ukuchuma nokuthuthuka ilandelana ngawo-1960. Imikhiqizo evela eNtshonalanga Jalimane yangaphambili, eJapane, e-Italy, eFrance, e-United Kingdom, nakwamanye amazwe yayizimisele ukuthengisa izimpahla zayo kwamanye amazwe, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwemishini nemishini ephelele yikho okwaholela ekuthunyelweni kwama-valve kwamanye amazwe.

Amakoloni angaphambili athola inkululeko ngayinye phakathi kokuphela kweminyaka yama-1960 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980. Belangazelela ukuthuthukisa izimboni zabo zasekhaya, bangenisa imishini eminingi, okuhlanganisa nama-valve. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkinga kawoyela yabangela amazwe ahlukahlukene akhiqiza uwoyela ukuba atshale imali ebalulekile emkhakheni kawoyela onenzuzo enkulu. Isikhathi sokukhula okukhulu ekukhiqizweni kwama-valve omhlaba wonke, ukuhweba, kanye nentuthuko saqala ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, okwathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhula kwebhizinisi lama-valve.