Amapayipi amakhemikhali nama-valve ayingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nesixhumanisi semishini ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali. Asebenza kanjani ama-valve ama-5 avame kakhulu kumapayipi amakhemikhali? Inhloso eyinhloko? Ayini amapayipi amakhemikhali namavalvu okufakwayo? (Izinhlobo ezingu-11 zamapayipi + 4 izinhlobo zokufakwa kwamapayipi + 11 amavalvu amakhulu) Amapayipi amakhemikhali, zonke lezi zinto zisebenza kahle esihlokweni esisodwa!

Amapayipi amakhemikhali nama-valve okufakwayo

Izinhlobo zamapayipi amakhemikhali zihlukaniswa ngezinto ezibonakalayo: amapayipi ensimbi namapayipi angewona ezensimbi.

Ithubhu yensimbi

Amapayipi ensimbi, amapayipi ensimbi yomthungo, amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo, amapayipi ethusi, amapayipi e-aluminium, namapayipi omthofu.

①Ipayipi lensimbi:

I-Cast iron pipe ingenye yamapayipi asetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi amakhemikhali.

Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kanye nokucinana kokuxhumeka okungekuhle, ifaneleka kuphela ukudlulisa imidiya enengcindezi ephansi, futhi ayilungele ukudlulisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomusi wokucindezela okuphezulu nezinto ezinobuthi neziqhumane. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa emapayipini okuhambisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amapayipi egesi namapayipi endle. Ukucaciswa kwamapayipi ensimbi ivezwa ngu-Ф ububanzi bangaphakathi × ubukhulu bodonga (mm).

②Ipayipi lensimbi elithungelwe:

Amapayipi ensimbi yomthungo ahlukaniswe amapayipi egesi ajwayelekile ajwayelekile (ukumelana nokucindezela okungu-0.1～1.0MPa) namapayipi ajiyile (ukumelana nokucindezela okungu-1.0～0.5MPa) ngokuya ngengcindezi yawo yokusebenza.

Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuthutha uketshezi lwengcindezi efana namanzi, igesi, isitimu sokushisisa, umoya ocindezelwe, namafutha. Amapayipi anamathangi abizwa ngokuthi amapayipi ensimbi noma amapayipi anamathani. Lawa angafakwa uthayela abizwa ngokuthi amapayipi ensimbi amnyama. Ukucaciswa kwayo kuvezwe ngokwe-diameter yegama. Ubuncane be-diameter okuzisholo bungu-6mm kanti ubukhulu bobukhulu obujwayelekile bungu-150mm.

③Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo:

Inzuzo yepayipi yensimbi engenamthungo yikhwalithi yayo efanayo namandla aphezulu.

Izinto zokwakha insimbi ye-carbon, insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, insimbi ene-alloy ephansi, insimbi engagqwali, nensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa. Ngenxa yezindlela ezihlukene zokukhiqiza, kunezinhlobo ezimbili: amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo agingqiwe ashisayo namapayipi ensimbi adonswa ngokubanda angenamthungo. Ebunjiniyela bamapayipi, amapayipi agoqelwe ashisayo avame ukusetshenziswa lapho ububanzi budlula u-57mm, futhi amapayipi adonswa ngokubanda avame ukusetshenziswa uma ububanzi bungaphansi kuka-57mm.

Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha zonke izinhlobo zamagesi anomfutho, umhwamuko noketshezi, futhi akwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme (cishe ama-435°C). Amapayipi ensimbi ye-alloy asetshenziselwa ukuthutha imidiya ebolayo, phakathi kwayo amapayipi e-alloy angamelana nokushisa akwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa elifinyelela ku-900-950 ℃. Ukucaciswa kwepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo kuvezwa ngu-Ф ububanzi bangaphakathi × ubukhulu bodonga (mm).

Ubukhulu bangaphandle bobubanzi bepayipi elidonswa ngokubanda bungama-200mm, kanti ubukhulu bangaphandle bobukhulu bepayipi eligoqiwe bungama-630mm. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ahlukaniswa abe amapayipi avamile angenamthungo namapayipi akhethekile angenamthungo ngokuvumelana nokusetshenziswa kwawo, njengamapayipi angenamthungo kaphethiloli aqhekeka, amapayipi angenamthungo abilayo, namapayipi omanyolo angenamthungo.

④ Ipayipi lethusi:

Ithubhu yethusi inomphumela omuhle wokudlulisa ukushisa.

Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi omshini wokushintshisana ngokushisa kanye namadivayisi e-cryogenic, amashubhu okulinganisa ingcindezi yensimbi noma ukudlulisa uketshezi olucindezelwe, kodwa lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-250 ℃, alifanele ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngenxa yokuthi intengo ibiza kakhulu, ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezibalulekile.

⑤Ishubhu ye-Aluminium:

I-Aluminium inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle.

Amashubhu e-aluminium avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha imidiya efana ne-concentrated sulfuric acid, i-acetic acid, i-hydrogen sulfide ne-carbon dioxide, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekushintshiseni ukushisa. Amashubhu e-aluminium awakwazi ukumelana ne-alkali futhi awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha izixazululo ze-alkaline nezixazululo eziqukethe ama-ion e-chloride.

Njengoba amandla omshini weshubhu le-aluminium ehla kakhulu ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa, izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa kweshubhu le-aluminium alikwazi ukudlula u-200°C, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa lizoba phansi epayipini elicindezelweyo. I-Aluminium inezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ngakho-ke amashubhu e-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy asetshenziswa kakhulu kumishini yokuhlukanisa umoya.

⑥ Ipayipi eliholayo:

Amapayipi omthofu avame ukusetshenziswa njengamapayipi okuthutha imidiya ene-asidi. Bangakwazi ukuthutha u-0.5% -15% sulfuric acid, carbon dioxide, 60% hydrofluoric acid, ne-acetic acid ene-concentration engaphansi kuka-80%. Ayilungele ukuthutha i-nitric acid, i-hypochlorous acid neminye imidiya. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza kwepayipi lomthofu ngu-200 ℃.

Ishubhu engeyona eyensimbi

Ipayipi lepulasitiki, ipayipi lepulasitiki, ipayipi lengilazi, ipayipi le-ceramic, ipayipi likasimende.

①Ipayipi lepulasitiki:

Izinzuzo zamapayipi epulasitiki ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, isisindo esincane, ukubumba okulula nokucubungula okulula.

Ububi amandla aphansi kanye nokumelana nokushisa okungekuhle.

Njengamanje, amapayipi epulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu amapayipi e-polyvinyl chloride aqinile, amapayipi e-polyvinyl chloride athambile, amapayipi e-polyethylene,amapayipi polypropylene, namapayipi ensimbi ane-polyolefin ne-polychlorotrifluoroethylene efafazwe phezulu.

②Ishubhu yerabha:

Ishubhu yenjoloba inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, isisindo esilula, ipulasitiki enhle, ukufakwa okuguquguqukayo nokulula kanye nokuqaqa.

Amashubhu enjoloba asetshenziswa ngokuvamile enziwa ngenjoloba yemvelo noma ngerabha yokwenziwa, futhi afanele izikhathi lapho izidingo zokucindezela zingekho phezulu.

③Ishubhu yengilazi:

Ishubhu yengilazi inezinzuzo zokumelana nokugqwala, ukukhanya, ukuhlanzwa okulula, ukumelana okuphansi, kanye nenani eliphansi. Ububi ukuthi i-brittle futhi ayikwazi ukumelana nengcindezi.

Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekuhloleni noma ezimweni zomsebenzi wokuhlola.

④Ishubhu le-Ceramic:

I-ceramics yamakhemikhali ifana nengilazi futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle. Ngaphezu kwe-hydrofluoric acid, i-fluorosilicic acid kanye nama-alkali aqinile, angakwazi ukumelana nokugxila okuhlukahlukene kwama-acids e-inorganic, ama-organic acid kanye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo.

Ngenxa yamandla aphansi kanye nokuqina kwayo, ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukususa imidiya egqwalayo kumapayipi endle namapayipi okungenisa umoya.

⑤Ipayipi likasimende:

Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezikhathini lapho izidingo zokucindezela kanye nokuvala ipayipi lokuxhuma lingekho phezulu, njengamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba kanye namapayipi okukhipha amanzi.