Amapayipi amakhemikhali namavalvu ayingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuxhumana kwemishini ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali. Asebenza kanjani amavalvu ama-5 avame kakhulu kumapayipi amakhemikhali? Inhloso eyinhloko? Ayini amapayipi amakhemikhali namavalvu okufakelwa? (Izinhlobo eziyi-11 zamapayipi + izinhlobo ezine zokufakelwa kwamapayipi + amavalvu amakhulu ayi-11) Amapayipi amakhemikhali, zonke lezi zinto ziqondwe kahle esihlokweni esisodwa!

Amapayipi amakhemikhali kanye nama-valve okufaka

Izinhlobo zamapayipi amakhemikhali zihlukaniswa ngezinto: amapayipi ensimbi namapayipi angewona awensimbi.

Ishubhu lensimbi

Amapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe, amapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe, amapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe, amapayipi ethusi, amapayipi e-aluminium, kanye namapayipi e-lead.

①Ipayipi yensimbi ephothiwe:

Ipayipi lensimbi eliphonswe ngensimbi lingenye yamapayipi asetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi amakhemikhali.

Ngenxa yokungaqini kwayo kanye nokuqina kwayo okungekuhle kokuxhumeka, ifanelekela kuphela ukudlulisa imidiya enomfutho ophansi, futhi ayifanelekelanga ukudlulisa umusi oshisa kakhulu nomfutho ophezulu kanye nezinto ezinobuthi neziqhumayo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa emapayipini okuhambisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, emapayipini amakhulu egesi kanye namapayipi okuhambisa indle. Imininingwane yamapayipi ensimbi ephonswe ivezwa ububanzi bangaphakathi × ubukhulu bodonga (mm).

②Ipayipi lensimbi elithungiwe:

Amapayipi ensimbi ethungelwe ahlukaniswe ngamapayipi egesi amanzi ajwayelekile (ukumelana nokucindezela okungu-0.1 ~ 1.0MPa) kanye namapayipi aqinile (ukumelana nokucindezela okungu-1.0 ~ 0.5MPa) ngokuya ngokucindezela kwawo okusebenzayo.

Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuthutha uketshezi olucindezelayo olufana namanzi, igesi, umusi oshisayo, umoya ocindezelwe, kanye namafutha. Amapayipi e-galvanized abizwa ngokuthi amapayipi ensimbi ahlanganisiwe noma amapayipi e-galvanized. Lawo angahlanganisiwe abizwa ngokuthi amapayipi ensimbi amnyama. Imininingwane yawo ivezwa ngokwesilinganiso sobubanzi. Ububanzi obuncane obujwayelekile bungu-6mm kanti ububanzi obukhulu obujwayelekile bungu-150mm.

③Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo:

Inzuzo yepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo yikhwalithi yalo efanayo kanye namandla aphezulu.

Izinto zokwakha ziyinsimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, insimbi engenangxubevange ephansi, insimbi engagqwali, kanye nensimbi engangenisi ukushisa. Ngenxa yezindlela ezahlukene zokukhiqiza, kunezinhlobo ezimbili: amapayipi ensimbi angenangxubevange ashiswayo kanye namapayipi ensimbi angenangxubevange ashiswayo. Kubunjiniyela bamapayipi, amapayipi ashiswayo avame ukusetshenziswa lapho ububanzi budlula u-57mm, kanti amapayipi ashiswayo avame ukusetshenziswa lapho ububanzi bungaphansi kuka-57mm.

Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha zonke izinhlobo zamagesi acindezelwe, umusi kanye noketshezi, futhi angamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu (cishe ama-435°C). Amapayipi ensimbi e-alloy asetshenziselwa ukuthutha izinto ezibolayo, phakathi kwazo amapayipi e-alloy amelana nokushisa angamelana namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-900-950℃. Imininingwane yepayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo ivezwa ububanzi bangaphakathi × ubukhulu bodonga (mm).

Ububanzi obukhulu bangaphandle bepayipi elidonswayo elibandayo bungu-200mm, kanti ububanzi obukhulu bangaphandle bepayipi eligoqiwe elishisayo bungu-630mm. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo ahlukaniswe ngamapayipi ajwayelekile angenamthungo kanye namapayipi akhethekile angenamthungo ngokwendlela asetshenziswa ngayo, njengamapayipi angenamthungo aqhekeka uphethiloli, amapayipi angenamthungo ebhoyila, kanye namapayipi angenamthungo kamanyolo.

④ Ipayipi yethusi:

Ipayipi lethusi linomphumela omuhle wokudlulisa ukushisa.

Isetshenziswa kakhulu emipayipini yemishini yokushintshanisa ukushisa namadivayisi acwebezelayo, amashubhu okulinganisa umfutho wezinsimbi noma uketshezi oluthuthwayo olucindezelwe, kodwa uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme kuno-250 ℃, akufanele lisetshenziswe ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngenxa yokuthi intengo ibiza kakhulu, ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezibalulekile.

⑤Ishubhu le-aluminium:

I-Aluminiyamu inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala.

Amashubhu e-aluminium avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha izinto ezifana ne-sulfuric acid egxilile, i-acetic acid, i-hydrogen sulfide kanye ne-carbon dioxide, futhi avame ukusetshenziswa kuma-heat exchanger. Amashubhu e-aluminium awamelani ne-alkali futhi awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha izixazululo ze-alkaline kanye nezixazululo eziqukethe ama-ion e-chloride.

Njengoba amandla omshini we-aluminium tube ehla kakhulu ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa, izinga lokushisa lokusebenzisa i-aluminium tube alikwazi ukudlula ama-200°C, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusebenzisa lizoba liphansi kuphayiphi elicindezelwe. I-aluminium inezakhiwo ezingcono zomshini emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ngakho-ke amashubhu e-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy asetshenziswa kakhulu kumadivayisi okuhlukanisa umoya.

⑥ Ipayipi eliholayo:

Amapayipi e-lead avame ukusetshenziswa njengepayipi lokuthutha imithombo ye-acidic. Angathutha i-sulfuric acid engu-0.5%-15%, i-carbon dioxide, i-hydrofluoric acid engu-60%, kanye ne-acetic acid enezinga elingaphansi kuka-80%. Akufanele ukuthutha i-nitric acid, i-hypochlorous acid kanye neminye imithombo ye-media. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza kwepayipi le-lead lingu-200℃.

Ipayipi elingeyona eyensimbi

Ipayipi lepulasitiki, ipayipi lepulasitiki, ipayipi lengilazi, ipayipi le-ceramic, ipayipi lesamente.

①Ipayipi lepulasitiki:

Izinzuzo zamapayipi epulasitiki ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, isisindo esincane, ukubumba okulula kanye nokucutshungulwa okulula.

Ububi bungukuqina okuphansi kanye nokumelana nokushisa okubi.

Njengamanje, amapayipi epulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu amapayipi e-polyvinyl chloride aqinile, amapayipi e-polyvinyl chloride athambile, amapayipi e-polyethylene,amapayipi e-polypropylene, kanye namapayipi ensimbi ane-polyolefin kanye ne-polychlorotrifluoroethylene afuthwe phezu komhlaba.

②Ipayipi lerabha:

Ishubhu yerabha inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, isisindo esincane, ipulasitiki enhle, ukufakwa nokuhlukaniswa okuguquguqukayo nokulula.

Amashubhu erabha asetshenziswa njalo ngokuvamile enziwe ngerabha yemvelo noma irabha yokwenziwa, futhi afaneleka ngezikhathi lapho izidingo zokucindezela zingekho phezulu.

③Ishubhu yengilazi:

Ishubhu yengilazi inezinzuzo zokumelana nokugqwala, ukucaca, ukuhlanza okulula, ukumelana okuphansi, kanye nentengo ephansi. Okubi ukuthi iyaphuka futhi ayikwazi ukumelana nengcindezi.

Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zomsebenzi wokuhlola noma wokuhlola.

④Ipayipi le-ceramic:

I-ceramics yamakhemikhali ifana nengilazi futhi inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala. Ngaphezu kwe-hydrofluoric acid, i-fluorosilicic acid kanye nama-alkali aqinile, ingakwazi ukumelana nokugxila okuhlukahlukene kwama-asidi angaphili, ama-asidi angaphili kanye nezinyibilikisi eziphilayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi inamandla aphansi futhi ayibonakali kalula, ivame ukusetshenziswa ukususa izinto ezilimazayo ezindleleni zokuhambisa amanzi kanye namapayipi okungenisa umoya.

⑤Ipayipi likasimende:

Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni lapho izidingo zokucindezela kanye nokuvalwa kwepayipi lokuxhuma kungephezulu, njengamapayipi endle angaphansi komhlaba kanye namapayipi okukhipha amanzi.