I-Taboo 1

I-valve ifakwe ngokungalungile.

Isibonelo, isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi (i-steam) se-valve yokumisa noma i-valve yokuhlola iphambene nophawu, futhi isiqu se-valve sifakwe phansi. I-valve yokuhlola efakwe ngokuvundlile ifakwe ngokuqondile. Isibambo se-valve yesango le-stem elikhuphukayo noma i-butterfly valve ayinaso isikhala sokuvula nokuvala. Isiqu se-valve efihliwe sifakiwe. Hhayi ngasemnyango wokuhlola.

Imiphumela: I-valve iyehluleka, iswishi kunzima ukuyilungisa, futhi isiqu se-valve sibheke phansi, ngokuvamile sibangela ukuvuza kwamanzi.

Izinyathelo: Faka ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokufaka i-valve. Ngobaama-valve esango elikhuphukayo, shiya ukuphakama kokuvula kwe-valve stem eyanele. Ngobaizivalo uvemvane, cabangela ngokugcwele isikhala sokuzungezisa isibambo. Iziqu zama-valve ezehlukene azikwazi ukuba ngaphansi kunendawo evundlile, ingasaphathwa eyehla. Ama-valve afihliwe akumele afakwe kuphela ngomnyango wokuhlola ohlangabezana nezidingo zokuvula nokuvala i-valve, kodwa futhi isiqu se-valve kufanele sibhekane nomnyango wokuhlola.

I-Taboo 2

Ukucaciswa namamodeli ama-valve afakiwe awahlangabezani nezidingo zokuklama.

Isibonelo, ingcindezi ebizwa ngokuthi i-valve ingaphansi kwengcindezi yokuhlola uhlelo; ama-valve esango asetshenziswa lapho ububanzi bepayipi lepayipi legatsha lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi lingaphansi noma lilingana no-50mm; ama-valve okumisa asetshenziselwa amapayipi omile namapayipi okushisa amanzi ashisayo; ama-butterfly valves asetshenziselwa amapayipi okudonsa amanzi omlilo.

Imiphumela: Ethinta ukuvulwa nokuvala okuvamile kwe-valve nokulawula ukumelana, ukucindezela kanye neminye imisebenzi. Kungase kubangele nokuthi i-valve yonakaliswe futhi kudingeke ukuba ilungiswe ngenkathi uhlelo lusebenza.

Izinyathelo: Yazi ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamavalvu, bese ukhetha ukucaciswa kwama-valve namamodeli ngokuya ngezidingo zokuklama. Ukucindezela okulinganiselwe kwe-valve kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zengcindezi yokuhlolwa kwesistimu. Ngokwezidingo zezincazelo zokwakha: lapho ububanzi bepayipi legatsha lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi lingaphansi noma lilingana no-50mm, i-valve yokumisa kufanele isetshenziswe; lapho ububanzi bepayipi bukhulu kuno-50mm, i-valve yesango kufanele isetshenziswe. Amavalvu esango kufanele asetshenziselwe ukushisisa amanzi ashisayo amavalvu okulawula omile name mpo, futhi amavalvu ovemvane akufanele asetshenziselwe amapayipi okudonsa amanzi omlilo.

I-Taboo 3

Ukwehluleka ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okudingekayo njengoba kudingeka ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-valve.

Imiphumela: Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu, ukushintshwa kwama-valve akuguquki, kuvalwe ngokuqinile futhi ukuvuza kwamanzi (umusi) kwenzeka, okubangela ukusebenza kabusha nokulungiswa, futhi kuthinte ngisho nokunikezwa kwamanzi okuvamile (umusi).

Izinyathelo: Ngaphambi kokufaka i-valve, amandla okucindezela nokuqina kufanele kwenziwe. Ukuhlolwa kufanele kuhlole ngokungahleliwe u-10% wenqwaba ngayinye (umkhiqizo ofanayo, ukucaciswa okufanayo, imodeli efanayo), futhi kungabi ngaphansi kweyodwa. Ukuze ama-valve avaliwe afakwe kumapayipi amakhulu anomsebenzi wokusika, ukuhlolwa kwamandla nokuqina kufanele kwenziwe ngamunye ngamunye. Amandla e-valve nokucindezela kokuhlolwa kokuqina kufanele kuthobelane “Nekhodi Yokwamukela Ikhwalithi Yokwakha Yokuhlinzeka Ngamanzi Okwakha, Amaphrojekthi Wokukhipha Indle kanye Nokushisisa” (GB 50242-2002).

I-Taboo 4

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko, okokusebenza kanye nemikhiqizo esetshenziswa ekwakheni ayinazo izincwadi zokuhlola ikhwalithi yobuchwepheshe noma izitifiketi zomkhiqizo ezihambisana namazinga amanje kazwelonke noma ongqongqoshe.

Imiphumela: Izinga lephrojekthi alifanelekile, kunezingozi ezifihliwe zezingozi, ngeke zilethwe ngesikhathi, futhi kufanele zisetshenzwe kabusha futhi zilungiswe; okuholela ekubambezelekeni esikhathini sokwakha kanye nokwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali emisebenzini nasezimpahleni.

Izinyathelo: Izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko, okokusebenza kanye nemikhiqizo esetshenziswa ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi, ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nemiklamo yokushisisa nokuthuthwa kwendle kufanele ibe nemibhalo yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe noma izitifiketi zomkhiqizo ezihambisana namazinga amanje akhishwe uhulumeni noma umnyango; amagama emikhiqizo yabo, amamodeli, imininingwane, kanye namazinga ekhwalithi kazwelonke kufanele amakwe. Inombolo yekhodi, usuku lokukhiqiza, igama lomkhiqizi nendawo, isitifiketi sokuhlolwa komkhiqizo wemboni noma inombolo yekhodi.

I-Taboo 5

I-valve-up-up

Imiphumela:Hlola ama-valve, ama-throttle valves, ama-valve okunciphisa ingcindezi, hlola ama-valvenamanye ama-valve wonke aqondise. Uma ifakwe ibheke phansi, i-valve ye-throttle izothinta umphumela wokusetshenziswa nokuphila; i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi ngeke isebenze nhlobo, futhi i-valve yokuhlola ngeke isebenze nhlobo. Kungaba yingozi ngisho.

Izinyathelo: Ngokuvamile, ama-valve anezimpawu zokuqondisa emzimbeni we-valve; uma kungenjalo, kufanele zihlonzwe ngendlela efanele ngokusekelwe kumgomo wokusebenza we-valve. Imbobo yevalvu yevalvu yokumisa i-asymmetrical ukusuka kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla, futhi uketshezi kufanele ludlule embobeni yevalvu ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu. Ngale ndlela, ukumelana noketshezi kuncane (kunqunywa ukuma), futhi kusindisa umsebenzi ukuvula (ngoba ukucindezela okuphakathi kuphezulu). Ngemva kokuvala, i-medium ayicindezeli ukupakisha, okulungele ukulungiswa. . Yingakho i-valve yokumisa ayikwazi ukufakwa ngokuhlanekezela. Ungafaki i-valve yesango ibheke phansi (okungukuthi, isondo lesandla libheke phansi), ngaphandle kwalokho i-medium izohlala isikhathi eside esikhaleni se-valve, esizogqwala kalula isiqu se-valve, futhi iphikisana nezidingo ezithile zenqubo. . Kunzima kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni sokupakisha ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ungawafaki ama-valve esango le-stem akhuphukayo ngaphansi komhlaba, ngaphandle kwalokho isiqu esiveziwe sizogqwala ngenxa yomswakama. Lapho ufaka i-valve yokuhlola i-lift, qiniseka ukuthi i-valve disc yayo iqondile ukuze ikwazi ukuphakamisa kalula. Lapho ufaka i-valve yokuhlola i-swing, qinisekisa ukuthi iphinikhodi yayo isezingeni ukuze ikwazi ukushwibeka kalula. I-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi kufanele ifakwe iqonde epayipini elivundlile futhi akufanele itshekele kunoma iyiphi indlela.

Taboo 6

I-valve eyenziwa ngesandla iyavula futhi ivale ngamandla amakhulu

Imiphumela: I-valve ingase ilimale okungenani, noma ingozi yezokuphepha ingase yenzeke kakhulu.

Izinyathelo: I-valve yezandla, isondo layo lesandla noma isibambo, iklanywe ngokuya ngabasebenzi abajwayelekile, kucatshangelwa amandla wendawo yokuvala kanye namandla okuvala adingekayo. Ngakho-ke, ama-levers amade noma ama-wrenches amade awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuhambisa ibhodi. Abanye abantu bajwayele ukusebenzisa ama-wrenches, ngakho-ke kufanele baqaphele ukuthi bangasebenzisi amandla amaningi, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukulimaza indawo yokuvala noma ukuphula isondo lesandla noma isibambo. Ukuze uvule futhi uvale i-valve, amandla kufanele azinzile futhi angabi nomthelela. Ezinye izingxenye zamavalvu anomfutho ophezulu onomthelela ekuvulekeni nasekuvaleni zicabange ukuthi la mandla okushayisana awakwazi ukulingana namavalvu ajwayelekile. Ngama-valve e-steam, kufanele ashiswe futhi amanzi ahlanganisiwe kufanele akhishwe ngaphambi kokuvula. Lapho evula, kufanele avulwe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze agweme isando samanzi. Uma i-valve ivuleke ngokugcwele, isondo lesandla kufanele liguqulwe kancane ukwenza imicu iqine ukuze kugwenywe ukuxega nokulimala. Ukuze uthole ama-valve esiqu akhuphukayo, khumbula ukuma kwesiqu se-valve lapho ivuleke ngokugcwele futhi ivaleke ngokugcwele ukuze ugweme ukushaya indawo efile ephezulu lapho ivuleke ngokugcwele. Futhi kulula ukuhlola ukuthi ijwayelekile yini uma ivalwe ngokugcwele. Uma isiqu se-valve siwa, noma imfucumfucu enkulu ishunyekwe phakathi kwama-valve core seals, indawo ye-valve stem izoshintsha lapho ivalwe ngokugcwele. Lapho ipayipi liqala ukusetshenziswa, kuba nokungcola okuningi ngaphakathi. Ungakwazi ukuvula i-valve kancane, usebenzise ukugeleza kwesivinini esiphezulu se-medium ukuyigeza, bese uyivala kahle (ungavali ngokushesha noma uyishaye ukuze uvimbele ukungcola okusele ekumpintsheni indawo yokuvala). Yivule futhi, phinda lokhu izikhathi eziningi, hlambulula ukungcola, bese ubuyela emsebenzini ojwayelekile. Kumavalvu avamise ukuvuleka, kungase kube khona ukungcola okunamathiselwe endaweni yokuvala. Lapho uvala, sebenzisa indlela engenhla ukuze uyihlanze, bese uyivala ngokuqinile. Uma isondo lesandla noma isibambo sonakalisiwe noma silahlekile, kufanele sishintshwe ngokushesha. Ungasebenzisi isikrufu sokujikijela ukusishintsha, ukuze ugweme ukulimala ezinhlangothini ezine zesiqu se-valve, ukwehluleka ukuvuleka nokuvala kahle, ngisho nengozi ekukhiqizeni. Eminye imidiya izophola ngemva kokuba i-valve ivaliwe, okwenza izingxenye zevalvu zishwabane. Umsebenzisi kufanele aphinde ayivale ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze angashiyi izimbobo endaweni evaliwe. Uma kungenjalo, okuphakathi kuzogeleza kuma-slits ngesivinini esikhulu futhi kuguguleke kalula indawo yokuvala. . Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uma uthola ukuthi ukusebenza kunzima kakhulu, kufanele uhlaziye izizathu. Uma ukupakisha kuqinile kakhulu, kukhulule ngokufanele. Uma isiqu se-valve sitshekile, yazisa abasebenzi ukuthi basilungise. Uma amanye ama-valve esesimweni esivaliwe, izingxenye zokuvala ziyashiswa futhi zinwebe, okwenza kube nzima ukuvula; uma kufanele ivulwe ngalesi sikhathi, khulula intambo yekhava ye-valve isigamu siphendukele ekujikeni okukodwa ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka esiqwini se-valve, bese uvula isondo lesandla.

I-Taboo 7

Ukufakwa okungalungile kwama-valve ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu

Imiphumela: ukubangela izingozi zokuvuza

Izinyathelo: Ama-valve asezingeni eliphezulu ngaphezu kuka-200 ° C asezingeni lokushisa elivamile lapho efakiwe, kodwa ngemva kokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka, amabhawodi ayanda ngenxa yokushisa, futhi izikhala ziyakhula, ngakho kumelwe ziqiniswe futhi, okubizwa ngokuthi “ukushisa. ukuqinisa”. Abasebenzisi kufanele banake lo msebenzi , ngaphandle kwalokho ukuvuza kungase kwenzeke kalula.

I-Taboo 8

Ukwehluleka ukukhipha amanzi ngesikhathi kubanda

Izinyathelo: Uma isimo sezulu sibanda futhi i-valve yamanzi ivaliwe isikhathi eside, amanzi aqoqwe ngemuva kwe-valve kufanele akhishwe. Ngemuva kokuthi i-valve ye-steam imise umusi, amanzi ahlanganisiwe kufanele asuswe. Kukhona ipulaki ezansi kwevalvu, engavulwa ukuze kukhishwe amanzi.

Isiqephu 9

I-valve engeyona eyensimbi, amandla okuvula nawokuvala makhulu kakhulu

Izinyathelo: Amanye ama-valve angewona awensimbi aqinile futhi ayaphuka, kanti amanye anamandla aphansi. Lapho usebenza, amandla okuvula nokuvala akufanele abe mkhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi hhayi ngamandla. Naka futhi ukuze ugweme ukungqubuzana nezinto.

I-Taboo 10

I-valve entsha yokupakisha iqine kakhulu

Izinyathelo: Uma usebenzisa i-valve entsha, ungacindezeli ukupakisha ukuqinise kakhulu ukuze ugweme ukuvuza, ukuze ugweme ukucindezela okukhulu esiqwini se-valve, ukuguga okusheshayo, nobunzima bokuvula nokuvala. Izinga lokufakwa kwe-valve lithinta ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kwalo, ngakho-ke kufanele kuqashelwe ngokucophelela isiqondiso nendawo ye-valve, imisebenzi yokwakhiwa kwe-valve, izinsiza zokuvikela i-valve, i-bypass kanye ne-instrumentation, kanye nokushintshwa kwe-valve yokupakisha.