Ukuqonda Ama-Valve Okulawula Umusi

Ukuze ngesikhathi esifanayo wehlise ingcindezi yomusi kanye nokushisa kuye ezingeni elidingwa yisimo esithile sokusebenza, umusiama-valve okulawulaziyasetshenziswa. Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukuba nezingcindezi zokungena eziphezulu kakhulu kanye namazinga okushisa, kokubili okumele kuncishiswe kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka nokuhlanganiswa kuyizinqubo zokukhiqiza ezikhethwayo zaleziivalvuimizimba ngoba ingamelana kangcono nomthwalo womusi lapho ingcindezi ephezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu. Izinto ezenziwe ngobumba zivumela ukucindezeleka okukhulu komklamo kune-castivalvuimizimba, inesakhiwo sekristalu esilungiselelwe kangcono, futhi inokuvumelana kwezinto zangaphakathi.

Abakhiqizi banganikeza kalula amazinga aphakathi nendawo kuze kufike ku-Class 4500 ngenxa yesakhiwo esenziwe ngobumba. Uma izingcindezi namazinga okushisa ephansi noma kudingeka i-valve esemgqeni, imizimba yama-valve enziwe ngobumba iseyindlela eqinile.

Uhlobo lomzimba wevalvu ehlanganisiwe eyenziwe nge-plus luvumela ukufakwa kwendawo yokukhipha ende ukuphatha ijubane lokukhipha umusi ekucindezelekeni okuphansi ngenxa yokushintshashintsha okukhulu okuvamile ezicini zomusi okubangelwa izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nengcindezi. Ngokufanayo nalokhu, abakhiqizi banganikeza ukuxhumana kokungena kanye nendawo yokukhipha ngezilinganiso ezahlukene zokucindezela ukuze kufane kangcono amapayipi aseduze ngenxa yokuncipha kwengcindezi yokukhipha ngokusebenzisa amavalvu okulawula umusi ehlanganisiwe eyenziwe nge-plus.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinzuzo, ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokupholisa nokunciphisa ingcindezi ku-valve eyodwa kunezinzuzo ezilandelayo ngaphezu kwamayunithi amabili ahlukene:

1. Ukuxubana kwamanzi okufafaza okungcono ngenxa yokuthi indawo yokunwebeka yento yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka iyathuthukiswa.

2. Isilinganiso esithuthukisiwe se-variable

3. Ukufakwa nokugcinwa kulula ngoba kuyithuluzi elilula.

Singanikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zamavalvu okulawula umusi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile.

ivalvu yokulawula umusi

Ivalvu yokulawula umusi, equkethe ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bokulawula ukushisa umusi kanye nokucindezela, ihlanganisa ukucindezela umusi kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa kuyunithi eyodwa yokulawula. Njengoba amanani amandla ekhula kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kwesitshalo eziqinile, lawa mavalvu aphendula isidingo sokuphathwa okungcono komusi. Ivalvu yokulawula umusi inganikeza ukulawula izinga lokushisa okukhulu kanye nokunciphisa umsindo kunesiteshi sokunciphisa izinga lokushisa kanye nokucindezela esinomsebenzi ofanayo, futhi ayivinjelwa kakhulu yizidingo zamapayipi kanye nokufakwa.

Amavalvu okulawula umusi anevalvu eyodwa elawula kokubili ingcindezi kanye nokushisa. Ukuklama, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuthuthukiswa kobuqotho besakhiwo, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kokusebenza kanye nokuthembeka okuphelele kwamavalvu kufezwa kusetshenziswa i-Finite Element Analysis (FEA) kanye ne-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Ukwakhiwa okuqinile kwevalvu yokulawula umusi kukhombisa ukuthi ingamelana nokwehla kwengcindezi yonke yesitofu esiyinhloko, futhi ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokunciphisa umsindo wevalvu yokulawula indlela yokugeleza kusiza ukunciphisa umsindo ongafuneki kanye nokudlidliza.

Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqalisa i-turbine kungavunyelwa umklamo wokusika ohlelekile osetshenziswa kuma-valve okulawula umusi. Ukuze kuhlale isikhathi eside futhi kuvunyelwe ukunwetshwa lapho kuphambukiswa ukushaqeka kokushisa, ikheji liyaqiniswa. Ingaphakathi le-valve linomhlahlandlela oqhubekayo, futhi izinsimbi ze-cobalt zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza uphawu lwensimbi oluqinile olunesihlalo se-valve ngaphezu kokunikeza izinto zomhlahlandlela.

Ivalvu elawula umusi ine-manifold yokufutha amanzi uma ingcindezi isinciphile. I-manifold inezimbobo ezisebenza ngokucindezela emuva kanye ne-geometry eguquguqukayo yokuthuthukisa ukuxubana kwamanzi nokuhwamuka kwawo.

Umfutho womoya ophansi wezinhlelo zokujiya ezihlanganisiwe, lapho izimo zokugcwala zingase zenzeke khona, yilapho lo mfutho wawuhloselwe ukusetshenziswa khona ekuqaleni. Lolu hlobo lomfutho luthuthukisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwedivayisi ngokuvumela ukugeleza okuncane okuphansi. Lokhu kufezwa ngokunciphisa umfutho wangemuva kumfutho we-dP. Enye inzuzo ukuthi i-flash yenzeka endaweni yokukhipha umfutho kunokunciphisa i-valve yokufafaza lapho i-dP yomfutho ikhuliswa ezindaweni ezincane.

Uma kwenzeka i-flash, umthwalo wesipilingi se-valve plug ku-nozzle uyawucindezela ukuvala ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yikuphi ukushintsha okunjalo. Ukucindezelwa koketshezi kuyashintsha ngesikhathi se-flash, okubangela ukuthi isipilingi se-nozzle siwuphoqe ukuthi uvale futhi ucindezele kabusha uketshezi. Ngokulandela lezi zinqubo, uketshezi lubuyela esimweni salo soketshezi futhi lungashintshwa lube yi-cooler.

I-geometry eguquguqukayo kanye nama-nozzles asebenzayo okucindezela emuva

Ivalvu yokulawula umusi iqondisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kude nodonga lwepayipi futhi iye enkabeni yepayipi. Ngezinhlelo ezahlukene kuza izinombolo ezahlukene zamaphuzu okufafaza. Ububanzi bokuphuma kwevalvu yokulawula buzokwandiswa kakhulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomthamo womusi odingekayo ophezulu kakhulu uma umehluko wokucindezela umusi ubalulekile. Ukuze kufezwe ukusatshalaliswa okulinganayo nokuphelele kwamanzi afafazwayo, ama-nozzle amaningi abekwa eduze kwendawo yokuphuma.

Ukuhlelwa kokusika okulula ku-valve elawula umusi kwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okusebenza kanye nezilinganiso zokucindezela (kuya ku-ANSI Class 2500 noma ngaphezulu).

Isakhiwo sepulaki esilinganiselayo sevalvu yokulawula umusi sinikeza izici zokuvala ze-Class V kanye nokugeleza okuqondile. Amavalvu okulawula umusi avame ukusebenzisa izilawuli zamavalvu edijithali kanye nama-actuator e-pneumatic piston asebenza kahle kakhulu ukuqeda ukushaya okugcwele ngaphansi kwemizuzwana emi-2 ngenkathi kugcinwa impendulo yesinyathelo enokunemba okuphezulu.
Amavalvu okulawula umusi anganikezwa njengezingxenye ezihlukile uma ukucushwa kwamapayipi kudinga lokho, okuvumela ukulawulwa kwengcindezi emzimbeni wevalvu kanye nokususwa kokushisa endaweni epholile yesitimu engezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungenzeki ngokwezimali, kungenzeka futhi ukuhlanganisa ama-desuperheater e-plug-in nemizimba yamavalvu eqondile ehlanganisiwe.