1 Amaphuzu abalulekile okukhetha ama-valve

1.1 Cacisa injongo yevalvu emshinini noma kudivayisi

Nquma izimo zokusebenza zevalvu: uhlobo lwendlela ephakathi nendawo esebenzayo, ingcindezi yokusebenza, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kanye nendlela yokulawula ukusebenza, njll.;

1.2 Khetha uhlobo lwevalvu ngendlela efanele

Ukukhetha okufanele uhlobo lwevalvu kusekelwe ekuqondeni komklami ngokugcwele yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nezimo zokusebenza. Lapho ekhetha uhlobo lwevalvu, umklami kufanele aqale azi kahle izici zesakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kwevalvu ngayinye;

1.3 Nquma uxhumano lokugcina lwevalvu

Phakathi kokuxhumeka okunezintambo, uxhumano lwe-flange kanye nokuxhumeka kokuphela kokushisela, ezimbili zokuqala zivame ukusetshenziswa. Ama-valve anezintambo ikakhulukazi ama-valve anobubanzi obuncane obungaphansi kwama-50mm. Uma ubukhulu bobubanzi bukhulu kakhulu, ukufakwa nokuvalwa kokuxhumeka kunzima kakhulu. Ama-valve axhunywe nge-flange kulula kakhulu ukuwafaka nokuwahlukanisa, kodwa anzima futhi abiza kakhulu kunama-valve anezintambo, ngakho-ke afaneleka ukuxhumeka kwamapayipi anobubanzi obuhlukahlukene kanye nezingcindezi. Ukuxhumeka kokushisela kufanelekela izimo zomthwalo osindayo futhi kuthembeke kakhulu kunokuxhumeka kwe-flange. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukuhlakaza nokufaka kabusha ama-valve axhunywe ngokushisela, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwawo kunqunyelwe ezimweni lapho ngokuvamile angasebenza khona ngokuthembekile isikhathi eside, noma izimo zokusebenzisa zinzima futhi izinga lokushisa liphezulu;

1.4 Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuvala ivalvu

Ngaphezu kokucabangela izakhiwo zomzimba (izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi) kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali (ukubola) kwendawo yokusebenza, ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yokusebenza (noma ngabe kunezinhlayiya eziqinile) kufanele kucatshangelwe kahle lapho kukhethwa izinto zegobolondo le-valve, izingxenye zangaphakathi kanye nobuso bokuvala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithethonqubo efanele yesifundazwe kanye nomnyango wabasebenzisi kufanele ibhekiswe kuyo. Ukukhetha okufanele nokunengqondo kwezinto ze-valve kungathola impilo yesevisi engabizi kakhulu kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-valve. I-oda lokukhetha lezinto zomzimba we-valve yi: insimbi ephonswe ngensimbi-carbon-insimbi engagqwali, kanye ne-oda lokukhetha lezinto zendandatho yokuvala yi: insimbi yerabha-yethusi-i-alloy-F4;

1.5 Abanye

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokugeleza kanye nezinga lokucindezela koketshezi olugeleza nge-valve kufanele kunqunywe, futhi i-valve efanele kufanele ikhethwe kusetshenziswa ulwazi olukhona (njengekhathalogi yomkhiqizo we-valve, amasampula omkhiqizo we-valve, njll.).

2 Isingeniso kuma-Valve Avamile

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamavalvu, futhi izinhlobo ziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko yileziamavalvu esango, amavalvu okumisa, amavalvu okuphusha,amavalvu ebhabhathane, amavalvu epulagi, amavalvu ebhola, amavalvu kagesi, amavalvu e-diaphragm, amavalvu okuhlola, amavalvu okuphepha, amavalvu okunciphisa ingcindezi,izicupho zomusi kanye namavalvu okuvala okuphuthumayo,Phakathi kwazo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ama-valve esango, ama-valve okumisa, ama-valve okujikijela, ama-valve epulaki, ama-valve ebhabhathane, ama-valve ebhola, ama-valve okuhlola, nama-valve e-diaphragm.

2.1 I-Valve Yesango

I-valve yesango iyi-valve enomzimba wayo wokuvula nokuvala (ipuleti le-valve) eqhutshwa yisiqu se-valve futhi ihamba phezulu naphansi eduze kobuso bokuvala besihlalo se-valve, engaxhuma noma inqamule ukudlula koketshezi. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-valve yokumisa, i-valve yesango isebenza kangcono ekuvaleni, ukumelana noketshezi okuncane, umzamo omncane ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni, futhi isebenza kahle ngokulungiswa okuthile. Ingenye yama-valve okuvala asetshenziswa kakhulu. Okubi usayizi omkhulu, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-valve yokumisa, ukuguguleka okulula kobuso bokuvala, kanye nokugcinwa okunzima. Ngokuvamile ayifaneleki ukugoqa. Ngokwesikhundla sentambo esiqwini se-valve yesango, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwesiqu olukhuphukayo kanye nohlobo lwesiqu esifihliwe. Ngokwezici zesakhiwo sepuleti yesango, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwe-wedge kanye nohlobo oluhambisanayo.

2.2 Ivalvu yokumisa

I-valve yokumisa iyi-valve yokuvala ebheke phansi, lapho izingxenye zokuvula nokuvala (i-valve disc) ziqhutshwa yisiqu se-valve ukuze zihambe phezulu naphansi eduze kwe-axis yesihlalo se-valve (indawo yokuvala). Uma iqhathaniswa ne-valve yesango, inokusebenza okuhle kokulungisa, ukusebenza okungekuhle kokuvala, isakhiwo esilula, ukukhiqizwa nokugcinwa okulula, ukumelana okukhulu koketshezi, kanye nentengo ephansi. Iyi-valve yokusika esetshenziswa kakhulu, evame ukusetshenziswa kumapayipi anobubanzi obuphakathi nobuncane.

2.3 I-valve yebhola

Izingxenye zokuvula nokuvala zevalvu yebhola ziyizimbulunga ezinezimbobo eziyindilinga, futhi imbulunga ijikeleza nesiqu sevalvu ukuze kutholakale ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwevalvu. Ivalvu yebhola inesakhiwo esilula, ukushintsha okusheshayo, ukusebenza okulula, usayizi omncane, isisindo esincane, izingxenye ezimbalwa, ukumelana noketshezi okuncane, ukuvala kahle, kanye nokugcinwa okulula.

2.4 Ivalvu yomphini

Ngaphandle kwediski yevalvu, ivalvu ye-throttle inesakhiwo esifanayo nevalvu yokuma. Idiski yayo yevalvu iyingxenye yokugoqa, futhi izimo ezahlukene zinezici ezihlukile. Ububanzi besihlalo sevalvu akufanele bube bukhulu kakhulu, ngoba ukuphakama kwayo kokuvula kuncane futhi izinga lokugeleza eliphakathi liyakhuphuka, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshiswe ukuguguleka kwediski yevalvu. Ivalvu ye-throttle inobukhulu obuncane, isisindo esincane, kanye nokusebenza okuhle kokulungisa, kodwa ukunemba kokulungisa akuphezulu.

2.5 I-plug valve

I-valve yepulaki isebenzisa umzimba wepulaki onembobo edlulayo njengengxenye yokuvula nokuvala, futhi umzimba wepulaki ujikeleza nesiqu se-valve ukuze kufezwe ukuvulwa nokuvalwa. I-valve yepulaki inesakhiwo esilula, ukuvulwa nokuvalwa okusheshayo, ukusebenza okulula, ukumelana noketshezi okuncane, izingxenye ezimbalwa, kanye nesisindo esincane. Ama-valve epulaki atholakala ngezinhlobo eziqondile, ezintathu, kanye nezindlela ezine. Ama-valve epulaki aqondile asetshenziselwa ukusika i-medium, kanti ama-valve epulaki aqondile kanye nezindlela ezine asetshenziselwa ukushintsha indlela ye-medium noma ukuphambukisa i-medium.

2.6 I-valve yebhabhathane

I-valve ye-butterfly iyipuleti le-butterfly elijikeleza ngo-90° lizungeze i-axis eqinile emzimbeni we-valve ukuze kuqedwe umsebenzi wokuvula nokuvala. I-valve ye-butterfly incane ngobukhulu, isisindo silula, isakhiwo silula, futhi inezingxenye ezimbalwa kuphela.

Futhi ingavulwa futhi ivalwe ngokushesha ngokujikeleza okungu-90°, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Uma ivalvu yebhabhathane isendaweni evulekile ngokuphelele, ubukhulu bepuleti yebhabhathane yikona kuphela ukumelana lapho i-medium igeleza emzimbeni wevalvu. Ngakho-ke, ukwehla kwengcindezi okubangelwa yivalvu kuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunezici ezinhle zokulawula ukugeleza. Amavalvu ebhabhathane ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili zokuvala: uphawu oluthambile oluthambile kanye nophawu oluqinile lwensimbi. Kumavalvu e-elastic seal, indandatho yokuvala ingafakwa emzimbeni wevalvu noma ifakwe emngceleni wepuleti yebhabhathane. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvaleni futhi ingasetshenziswa ekugoqeni, kanye nakumapayipi e-vacuum aphakathi nendawo kanye nemidiya ebolile. Amavalvu anezimbobo zensimbi ngokuvamile aphila isikhathi eside kunezimbobo ezinezimbobo ezithambile, kodwa kunzima ukufeza ukuvala okuphelele. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ukwehla kokugeleza kanye nokucindezela kushintshashintsha kakhulu futhi kudingeka ukusebenza okuhle kokugoqa. Izimbobo zensimbi zingazivumelanisa namazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza, kuyilapho izimbobo ezithambile zinesici sokunqunyelwa izinga lokushisa.

2.7 I-valve yokuhlola

I-valve yokuhlola iyi-valve engavimbela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukugeleza koketshezi. I-valve ye-valve yokuhlola ivuleka ngaphansi kwesenzo somfutho woketshezi, bese uketshezi lugeleza lusuka ohlangothini lokungena luye ohlangothini lokukhipha. Uma ingcindezi ohlangothini lokungena iphansi kunaleyo ohlangothini lokukhipha, i-valve yediski ivala ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphansi kwesenzo sezici ezifana nomehluko womfutho woketshezi kanye namandla adonsela phansi ukuvimbela ukugeleza koketshezi emuva. Ngokwesimo sesakhiwo, ihlukaniswe i-valve yokuhlola yokuphakamisa kanye ne-valve yokuhlola yokushintsha. I-valve yokuhlola yokuphakamisa inokuvala okungcono kune-valve yokuhlola yokushintsha kanye nokumelana okukhulu koketshezi. Ukuze uthole imbobo yokumunca yepayipi yokumunca yepompo, kufanele kukhethwe i-valve yonyawo. Umsebenzi wayo uwukuthi: ukugcwalisa ipayipi lokungenisa lepompo ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuqala ipompo; ukugcina ipayipi lokungenisa kanye nomzimba wepompo ugcwele amanzi ngemva kokumisa ipompo ukulungiselela ukuqala kabusha. I-valve yonyawo ngokuvamile ifakwe kuphela epayipini eliqondile endaweni yokungena yepompo, kanti i-medium igeleza kusukela phansi kuya phezulu.

2.8 Ivalvu ye-diaphragm

Ingxenye yokuvula nokuvala yevalvu ye-diaphragm iyi-diaphragm yerabha, ehlanganiswe phakathi komzimba wevalvu nesembozo sevalvu.

Ingxenye ephumayo ye-diaphragm inamathele esiqwini se-valve, futhi umzimba we-valve umbozwe ngerabha. Njengoba i-medium ingangeni emgodini wangaphakathi wesembozo se-valve, i-valve stem ayidingi ibhokisi lokugcwala. I-valve ye-diaphragm inesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza kahle kokuvala, ukulungiswa okulula, kanye nokumelana noketshezi okuphansi. Ama-valve e-diaphragm ahlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-weir, uhlobo oluqondile, uhlobo lwe-angle yesokudla kanye nohlobo lwamanje oluqondile.

3 Imiyalelo evamile yokukhetha amavalvu

3.1 Imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalvu yesango

Ngokuvamile, ama-valve esango kufanele akhethwe kuqala. Ngaphezu komusi, uwoyela kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ama-valve esango nawo afanelekela izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziqukethe izinto eziqinile ezihlanganisiwe kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu, futhi afanelekela ama-valve okuvula umoya kanye nezinhlelo ze-vacuum eziphansi. Kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinezinhlayiya eziqinile, umzimba we-valve yesango kufanele ube nembobo eyodwa noma ezimbili zokuhlanza. Kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinokushisa okuphansi, kufanele kukhethwe i-valve yesango ekhethekile enokushisa okuphansi.

3.2 Imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalvu yokuma

I-valve yokumisa ifanelekela amapayipi anezidingo eziphansi zokumelana noketshezi, okungukuthi, ukulahlekelwa yingcindezi akucatshangelwa kakhulu, kanye namapayipi noma amadivayisi ane-media yokushisa okuphezulu nengcindezi ephezulu. Ifanelekela amapayipi omusi kanye namanye ama-media ane-DN < 200mm; ama-valve amancane angasebenzisa ama-valve okumisa, njenge-valve yenaliti, ama-valve ezinsimbi, ama-valve okuhlola, ama-valve okulinganisa ingcindezi, njll.; ama-valve okumisa anomthetho wokugeleza noma umthetho wokucindezelwa, kodwa ukunemba komthetho akuphakeme, futhi ububanzi bombhobho buncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-valve okumisa noma ama-valve okuphusha kufanele akhethwe; kuma-media anobuthi obukhulu, kufanele kukhethwe ama-valve okumisa avaliwe nge-bellows; kodwa ama-valve okumisa akufanele asetshenziselwe ama-media ane-viscosity ephezulu kanye nama-media aqukethe izinhlayiya ezilula ukuzinqamula, futhi akufanele asetshenziswe njengama-valve omoya kanye nama-valve ezinhlelo ze-vacuum eziphansi.

3.3 Imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalvu yebhola

Ama-valve ebhola afanelekela imidiya yokushisa okuphansi, enomfutho ophezulu, kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu. Ama-valve amaningi ebhola angasetshenziswa kwimidiya enezinhlayiya eziqinile ezilengayo, futhi angasetshenziswa nakwimidiya eyimpuphu kanye ne-granular ngokwezidingo zezinto zokuvala; ama-valve ebhola anesiteshi esigcwele awafaneleki ukulawulwa kokugeleza, kodwa afanelekela izikhathi ezidinga ukuvulwa nokuvalwa okusheshayo, okulula ukunqanyulwa okuphuthumayo ezingozini; ama-valve ebhola avame ukunconywa kumapayipi anokusebenza okuqinile kokuvala, ukuguguleka, iziteshi zokuncipha, ukuvulwa nokuvalwa okusheshayo, ukunqanyulwa komfutho ophezulu (umehluko omkhulu wokucindezela), umsindo ophansi, isenzakalo sokufaka igesi, i-torque encane yokusebenza, kanye nokumelana okuncane koketshezi; ama-valve ebhola afanelekela izakhiwo zokukhanya, ukunqanyulwa komfutho ophansi, kanye nemidiya ebolile; ama-valve ebhola nawo angama-valve afaneleka kakhulu kwimidiya yokushisa okuphansi kanye nebandayo ejulile. Ngezinhlelo zamapayipi namadivayisi emidiya yokushisa okuphansi, ama-valve ebhola okushisa okuphansi anezembozo zama-valve kufanele akhethwe; uma usebenzisa ama-valve ebhola antantayo, izinto zesihlalo se-valve kufanele zithwale umthwalo webhola kanye nendawo yokusebenza. Amavalvu ebhola anobubanzi obukhulu adinga amandla amakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kanti amavalvu ebhola e-DN≥200mm kufanele asebenzise ukudluliselwa kwegiya lezikelemu; amavalvu ebhola aqinile afaneleka ngezikhathi ezinobubanzi obukhulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu; ngaphezu kwalokho, amavalvu ebhola asetshenziselwa amapayipi ezinto zenqubo ezinobuthi obukhulu kanye nemidiya evuthayo kufanele abe nezakhiwo ezingashisi umlilo nezimelana nokushisa.

3.4 Imiyalelo Yokukhetha I-Throttle Valve

Ama-valve e-throttle afaneleka ngezikhathi ezinokushisa okuphansi okuphakathi kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu, futhi afaneleka ezingxenyeni ezidinga ukulungisa ukugeleza kanye nokucindezela. Akufaneleki kuma-media ane-viscosity ephezulu futhi aqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile, futhi awafaneleki kuma-valve okuzihlukanisa.

3.5 Imiyalelo Yokukhetha I-Plug Valve

Ama-valve e-plug afaneleka ngezikhathi ezidinga ukuvulwa nokuvalwa okusheshayo. Ngokuvamile awafaneleki kwi-steam kanye ne-media yokushisa okuphezulu. Asetshenziselwa i-media enokushisa okuphansi kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu, futhi afaneleka nakwi-media enezinhlayiya ezilengayo.

3.6 Imiyalelo Yokukhetha I-Butterfly Valve

Amavalvu e-butterfly afaneleka ngezikhathi ezinobubanzi obukhulu (njenge-DN﹥600mm) kanye nezidingo zobude obufushane besakhiwo, kanye nezikhathi ezidinga ukulawulwa kokugeleza kanye nokuvulwa nokuvalwa okusheshayo. Ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa izinto ezifana namanzi, uwoyela nomoya ocindezelwe onezinga lokushisa elingu-≤80℃ kanye nezingcindezi ezingu-≤1.0MPa; njengoba amavalvu e-butterfly enokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwengcindezi uma kuqhathaniswa namavalvu esango namavalvu ebhola, amavalvu e-butterfly afaneleka ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ezinezidingo zokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi ephansi.

3.7 Imiyalelo Yokukhetha I-Check Valve

Ama-valve okuhlola ngokuvamile afanelekela imidiya ehlanzekile, futhi awafanelekeli imidiya equkethe izinhlayiya eziqinile kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu. Uma i-DN≤40mm, kuhle ukusebenzisa i-valve yokuhlola ukuphakamisa (kuvunyelwe ukufakwa kuphela kumapayipi avundlile); uma i-DN＝50～400mm, kuhle ukusebenzisa i-valve yokuhlola ukuphakamisa ukujikeleza (ingafakwa kumapayipi avundlile navundlile. Uma ifakwe kupayipi elivundlile, indlela yokugeleza ephakathi kufanele ibe kusukela phansi kuya phezulu); uma i-DN≥450mm, kuhle ukusebenzisa i-valve yokuhlola i-buffer; uma i-DN＝100～400mm, i-valve yokuhlola i-wafer nayo ingasetshenziswa; i-valve yokuhlola ukujikeleza ingenziwa ibe yingcindezi yokusebenza ephezulu kakhulu, i-PN ingafinyelela ku-42MPa, futhi ingasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi imidiya yokusebenza nanoma yiluphi uhla lokushisa lokusebenza ngokwezinto ezahlukene zegobolondo kanye nezivalo. Imidiya ingamanzi, umusi, igesi, imidiya ebolile, uwoyela, umuthi, njll. Uhla lokushisa lokusebenza oluphakathi luphakathi kuka--196～800℃.

3.8 Imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalvu ye-diaphragm

Ama-valve e-diaphragm afaneleka uwoyela, amanzi, imidiya ene-acidic kanye nemidiya equkethe izinto ezilengayo ezinokushisa okusebenzayo okungaphansi kuka-200℃ kanye nokucindezela okungaphansi kuka-1.0MPa, kodwa hhayi izinyibilikisi eziphilayo kanye nama-oxidants aqinile. Ama-valve e-diaphragm ohlobo lwe-Weir afaneleka kwimidiya ye-granular e-abrasive. Ithebula lesici sokugeleza kufanele lisetshenziswe ekukhetheni ama-valve e-diaphragm ohlobo lwe-weir. Ama-valve e-diaphragm aqondile afaneleka kuketshezi oluqinile, ama-slurry esimende kanye nemidiya ye-sedimentary. Ngaphandle kwezidingo ezithile, ama-valve e-diaphragm akufanele asetshenziswe kumapayipi e-vacuum kanye nemishini ye-vacuum.