Kuyiniivalvu yokulawula ingcindezi?
Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, ivalvu yokulawula ingcindezi iyithuluzi elenzelwe ukulawula ingcindezi ephezulu noma engezansi ngenxa yezinguquko ohlelweni. Lezi zinguquko zingafaka ukuguquguquka kokugeleza, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa noma ezinye izinto ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu okuvamile. Inhloso yomlawuli wengcindezi ukugcina ingcindezi yesistimu edingekayo. Okubalulekile, abalawuli bengcindezi bahlukile kumavalvu, alawula ukugeleza kwesistimu futhi angalungisi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Amavalvu okulawula ingcindezi alawula ingcindezi, hhayi ukugeleza, futhi azilawula wona.

Uhlobo lomlawuli wokucindezela
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-valve okulawula ingcindezi:amavalvu okunciphisa ukucindezeleka kanye namavalvu okucindezela emuva.

Ama-valve okunciphisa ukucindezela alawula ukugeleza kokucindezela enkambisweni ngokuzwa ukucindezeleka kokuphuma kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka okuphansi kwawo.

Abalawuli bengcindezi yangemuva balawula ingcindezi evela enkambisweni ngokuzwa ingcindezi yokungena kanye nokulawula ingcindezi evela phezulu.

Ukukhetha kwakho isilawuli sokucindezela esifanele kuncike ezidingweni zakho zenqubo. Isibonelo, uma udinga ukunciphisa ingcindezi evela emthonjeni wokucindezela okuphezulu ngaphambi kokuba imidiya yesistimu ifinyelele enkambisweni eyinhloko, ivalvu yokunciphisa ingcindezi ingenza umsebenzi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ivalvu yokucindezela yangemuva isiza ukulawula nokugcina ingcindezi ephezulu ngokunciphisa ingcindezi eyengeziwe lapho izimo zesistimu zibangela ingcindezi ukuba ibe phezulu kunalokho okudingekayo. Uma isetshenziswa endaweni efanele, uhlobo ngalunye lungakusiza ukuthi ugcine ingcindezi edingekayo kulo lonke uhlelo lwakho.

Umgomo wokusebenza we-valve yokulawula ingcindezi
Ama-valve okulawula ingcindezi aqukethe izakhi ezintathu ezibalulekile eziwasiza ukulawula ingcindezi:

Izingxenye zokulawula, okuhlanganisa isihlalo se-valve kanye ne-poppet. Isihlalo se-valve sisiza ukulawula ingcindezi futhi sivimbele uketshezi ukuthi lungavuzi luye kolunye uhlangothi lomlawuli uma luvaliwe. Ngesikhathi uhlelo lugeleza, i-poppet kanye nesihlalo se-valve zisebenza ndawonye ukuze kuqedwe inqubo yokuvala.

Isici sokuzwa, ngokuvamile i-diaphragm noma i-piston. Isici sokuzwa sibangela ukuthi i-poppet ikhuphuke noma iwe esihlalweni se-valve ukuze ilawule ingcindezi yokungena noma yokuphuma.

Izinto Zokulayisha. Kuye ngokusetshenziswa, umlawuli angaba umlawuli ogcwele intwasahlobo noma umlawuli ogcwele idome. Into yokulayisha inamandla okulinganisela phansi phezulu kwe-diaphragm.

Lezi zinto zisebenza ndawonye ukudala ukulawula ingcindezi okufiswayo. I-piston noma i-diaphragm izwa ingcindezi ephezulu (yokungena) kanye nengcindezi engezansi (yokuphuma). Isici sokuzwa bese sizama ukuthola ibhalansi ngamandla asethiwe avela kusici sokulayisha, esilungiswa ngumsebenzisi ngesibambo noma ngenye indlela yokujika. Isici sokuzwa sizokwenza i-poppet ivuleke noma ivale esihlalweni se-valve. Lezi zinto zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zilondoloze ibhalansi futhi zifinyelele ingcindezi esethiwe. Uma amandla athile eshintsha, amanye amandla nawo kumele ashintshe ukuze kubuyiselwe ibhalansi.

Ku-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, amandla amane ahlukene kumele alinganiswe, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amandla okulayisha (F1), amandla entwasahlobo yokungena (F2), ingcindezi yokukhipha (F3) kanye nengcindezi yokungena (F4). Amandla okulayisha aphelele kumele alingane nenhlanganisela yamandla entwasahlobo yokungena, ingcindezi yokukhipha, kanye nengcindezi yokungena.

Amavalvu okucindezela angemuva asebenza ngendlela efanayo. Kumelwe alinganise amandla esiphethulo (F1), ingcindezi yokungena (F2) kanye nengcindezi yokuphuma (F3) njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Lapha, amandla esiphethulo kumele alingane nesamba sengcindezi yokungena kanye nengcindezi yokuphuma.

Ukukhetha Umlawuli Wokucindezela Ofanele
Ukufaka isilawuli sokucindezela esilingana kahle kubalulekile ekugcineni ingcindezi edingekayo. Usayizi ofanele ngokuvamile uncike esilinganisweni sokugeleza ohlelweni - abalawuli abakhulu bangaphatha ukugeleza okuphezulu ngenkathi belawula ingcindezi ngempumelelo, kuyilapho ngamazinga okugeleza aphansi, abalawuli abancane basebenza kahle kakhulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukulinganisa izingxenye zomlawuli. Isibonelo, kungaba ngcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-diaphragm noma i-piston enkulu ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwengcindezi ephansi. Zonke izingxenye zidinga ukulinganiswa okufanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zesistimu yakho.

Ingcindezi yesistimu
Njengoba umsebenzi oyinhloko womlawuli wokucindezela ukuphatha ingcindezi yesistimu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umlawuli wakho ulinganiselwe ukucindezela okuphezulu, okuncane, kanye nokusebenza kwesistimu. Imininingwane yomkhiqizo womlawuli wokucindezela ivame ukugqamisa ububanzi bokulawula ingcindezi, okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni umlawuli wokucindezela ofanele.

Izinga lokushisa lesistimu
Izinqubo zezimboni zingaba namazinga okushisa abanzi, futhi kufanele uthembe ukuthi umlawuli wokucindezela owukhethayo uzomelana nezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ezilindelekile. Izici zemvelo zingenye yezici okudingeka zicatshangelwe, kanye nezici ezifana nokushisa koketshezi kanye nomphumela we-Joule-Thomson, obangela ukupholisa okusheshayo ngenxa yokwehla kwengcindezi.

ukuzwela kwenqubo
Ukuzwela kwenqubo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukukhetha imodi yokulawula kubalawuli bengcindezi. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, abalawuli abaningi bangabalawuli abagcwele intwasahlobo noma abalawuli abagcwele idome. Amavalvu okulawula ingcindezi agcwele intwasahlobo alawulwa ngumsebenzisi ngokuphendula isibambo sangaphandle esijikelezayo esilawula amandla entwasahlobo entweni yokuzwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abalawuli abagcwele idome basebenzisa ingcindezi yoketshezi ngaphakathi kohlelo ukuhlinzeka ngengcindezi esethiwe esebenza entweni yokuzwa. Nakuba abalawuli abagcwele intwasahlobo bevame kakhulu futhi abaqhubi bevame ukujwayelana nabo, abalawuli abagcwele idome bangasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba ezinhlelweni ezikudingayo futhi kungaba wusizo ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezizenzakalelayo.

imidiya yesistimu
Ukuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo phakathi kwazo zonke izingxenye zomlawuli wokucindezela kanye nemidiya yesistimu kubalulekile ukuze ingxenye ihlale isikhathi eside futhi igweme isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Nakuba izingxenye zerabha kanye ne-elastomer ziwohloka ngokwemvelo, ezinye izingxenye zemidiya yesistimu zingabangela ukuwohloka okusheshayo kanye nokwehluleka kwe-valve yomlawuli ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ama-valve okulawula ukucindezela adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi zamanzi nezinsimbi zezimboni, esiza ukugcina noma ukulawula ukucindezela nokugeleza okudingekayo ngenxa yezinguquko zesistimu. Ukukhetha isilawuli sokucindezela esifanele kubalulekile ukuze uhlelo lwakho luhlale luphephile futhi lusebenze njengoba kulindelekile. Ukukhetha okungalungile kungaholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu, ukusebenza okungekuhle, ukuxazulula izinkinga njalo, kanye nezingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona.