Yini ai-valve yokulawula ingcindezi?
Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, i-valve elawula ingcindezi iyisisetshenziswa esiwumshini esiklanyelwe ukulawula ingcindezi ekhuphuka nomfula noma eyehla nomfula ekuphenduleni izinguquko ohlelweni. Lezi zinguquko zingase zihlanganise ukushintshashintsha kokugeleza, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa noma ezinye izici ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu. Inhloso yomlawuli wengcindezi ukugcina ingcindezi yesistimu edingekayo. Okubalulekile, abalawuli bengcindezi bahluke kuma-valve, alawula ukugeleza kwesistimu futhi angalungisi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Amavalvu alawula ingcindezi alawula umfutho, hhayi ukugeleza, futhi ayazilawula.

Uhlobo lwesilawuli sokucindezela
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-valve alawula ingcindezi:ama-valve okunciphisa umfutho kanye nama-valve okucindezela emuva.

Ama-valve anciphisa ingcindezi alawula ukugeleza kwengcindezi enqubweni ngokuzwa ingcindezi yokuphuma nokulawula ingcindezi eyehlela phansi ngokwawo.

Izilawuli zengcindezi yasemuva zilawula ingcindezi evela kunqubo ngokuzwa ingcindezi yokungena kanye nokulawula ingcindezi esuka phezulu

Ukukhetha kwakho okuhle kwesilawuli sokucindezela kuncike ezidingweni zenqubo yakho. Isibonelo, uma udinga ukunciphisa ukucindezela okuvela emthonjeni ophezulu wokucindezela ngaphambi kokuba imidiya yesistimu ifinyelele inqubo eyinhloko, i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi ingenza umsebenzi. Ngokuphambene, i-valve yokucindezela emuva isiza ukulawula nokugcina ingcindezi ekhuphukayo ngokukhulula ukucindezela okukhulu lapho izimo zesistimu zenza ingcindezi ibe phezulu kunalokho okudingekayo. Uma isetshenziswa endaweni efanele, uhlobo ngalunye lungakusiza ukuthi ugcine ingcindezi edingekayo kulo lonke uhlelo lwakho.

Isimiso sokusebenza se-valve elawula ingcindezi
Ama-valve alawula ukucindezela aqukethe izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile ezisiza ukulawula ukucindezela:

Izingxenye zokulawula, okuhlanganisa isihlalo se-valve ne-poppet. Isihlalo sevalvu sisiza ukulawula umfutho futhi sivimbele uketshezi ukuthi lungavuzi luye kolunye uhlangothi lwesilawuli lapho sivaliwe. Ngenkathi isistimu ihamba, isihlalo se-poppet ne-valve zisebenza ndawonye ukuze kuqedelwe inqubo yokuvala.

Isici sokuzwa, ngokuvamile i-diaphragm noma i-piston. Isici sokuzwa sibangela ukuthi i-poppet iphakame noma iwe esihlalweni sevalvu ukuze ilawule ingcindezi yokungena noma yokuphuma.

Ilayisha Izinto. Ngokuya ngesicelo, umlawuli angase abe umlawuli we-spring-loaded noma umlawuli ogcwele i-dome. Isici sokulayisha sisebenzisa amandla okulinganisa abheke phansi phezulu kwe-diaphragm.

Lezi zakhi zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zenze isilawuli sokucindezela esidingekayo. I-piston noma i-diaphragm izwa ingcindezi ekhuphuka nomfula (inlet) kanye nengcindezi engezansi (yokuphuma). I-elementi yezinzwa ibe isizama ukuthola ibhalansi namandla esethi asuka kusici sokulayisha, esilungiswa umsebenzisi ngesibambo noma enye indlela yokujika. Isici sezinzwa sizovumela i-poppet ukuthi ivule noma ivale isuka esihlalweni sevalvu. Lezi zakhi zisebenza ndawonye ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi futhi kuzuzwe ingcindezi ebekiwe. Uma ibutho elilodwa lishintsha, amanye amandla nawo kufanele ashintshe ukuze kubuyiselwe ukulingana.

Ku-valve yokunciphisa ukucindezela, amandla amane ahlukene kufanele alinganise, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amandla okulayisha (F1), amandla e-inlet spring force (F2), ingcindezi yokuphuma (F3) nokucindezela kwe-inlet (F4). Amandla okulayisha aphelele kufanele alingane nenhlanganisela yamandla e-inlet spring, ingcindezi yokuphuma, nokucindezela kokungena.

Ama-valve okucindezela emuva asebenza ngendlela efanayo. Kumelwe balinganise amandla entwasahlobo (F1), ukucindezela kwe-inlet (F2) nokucindezela kwe-outlet (F3) njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2. Lapha, amandla entwasahlobo kufanele alingane nesamba sokucindezela kokungena kanye nokucindezela kokuphuma.

Ukwenza Ukukhetha Kwesilawuli Sokucindezela Kwesokudla
Ukufaka isilawuli sengcindezi esinosayizi ofanele kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina ingcindezi edingekayo. Usayizi ofanele ngokuvamile uncike esilinganisweni sokugeleza ohlelweni - abalawuli abakhulu bangakwazi ukuphatha ukugeleza okuphezulu ngenkathi belawula ukucindezela ngokuphumelelayo, kuyilapho kumazinga okugeleza aphansi, abalawuli abancane basebenza kakhulu. Kubalulekile futhi usayizi wezingxenye zokulawula. Isibonelo, kungasebenza kahle kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-diaphragm enkulu noma i-piston ukuze ulawule izinhlelo zokusebenza zengcindezi ephansi. Zonke izingxenye zidinga usayizi ofanele ngokuya ngezidingo zesistimu yakho.

Ingcindezi yesistimu
Njengoba umsebenzi oyinhloko wesilawuli sengcindezi uwukulawula ukucindezela kwesistimu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isilawuli sakho silinganiswe ngobukhulu, ubuncane, kanye nengcindezi yokusebenza kwesistimu. Ukucaciswa komkhiqizo wokulawula ukucindezela kuvame ukugqamisa ububanzi bokulawula ingcindezi, okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni isilawuli sengcindezi esifanele.

Izinga lokushisa lesistimu
Izinqubo zezimboni zingaba nezinga lokushisa elibanzi, futhi kufanele uthembele ukuthi isilawuli sokucindezela osikhethayo sizomelana nezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ezilindelwe. Izici zemvelo zingenye yezici okudingeka zicatshangelwe, kanye nezici ezifana nezinga lokushisa loketshezi kanye nomphumela we-Joule-Thomson, obangela ukupholisa okusheshayo ngenxa yokwehla kwengcindezi.

ukuzwela kwenqubo
Ukuzwela kwenqubo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukukhethwa kwemodi yokulawula kubalawuli bengcindezi. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izilawuli eziningi ziyizilawuli ezilayishwe entwasahlobo noma izilawuli ezilayishwe i-dome. Amavalvu okulawula ingcindezi alayishwe intwasahlobo alawulwa isisebenzi ngokuphendula isibambo esijikelezayo sangaphandle esilawula amandla entwasahlobo kusici senzwa. Ngokuphambene, izilawuli ezilayishwe i-dome zisebenzisa ingcindezi yoketshezi ngaphakathi kwesistimu ukuze zinikeze ingcindezi emisiwe esebenza kusici senzwa. Nakuba izilawuli ezilayishwe entwasahlobo zivame kakhulu futhi opharetha bajwayele ukuzazi, izilawuli ezilayishwe idome zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba ezinhlelweni ezidingayo futhi zingazuza ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezizenzakalelayo.

imidiya yesistimu
Ukuhambisana kwezinto phakathi kwazo zonke izingxenye zesilawuli sokucindezela kanye nemidiya yesistimu kubalulekile ekuphileni okude kwengxenye nokugwema isikhathi sokuphumula. Nakuba izingxenye zenjoloba ne-elastomer ziwohloka okuthile okungokwemvelo, imidiya ethile yesistimu ingase ibangele ukuwohloka okusheshayo kanye nokwehluleka kwevalvu yokulawula ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ama-valve alawula ingcindezi adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi zoketshezi lwezimboni kanye nezinsimbi, esiza ukugcina noma ukulawula ukucindezela okudingekayo nokugeleza ekuphenduleni izinguquko zesistimu. Ukukhetha isilawuli sengcindezi esifanele kubalulekile ukuze uhlelo lwakho luhlale luphephile futhi lusebenze njengoba kulindelekile. Ukukhetha okungalungile kungaholela ekungasebenzini kahle kwesistimu, ukusebenza kabi, ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga njalo, kanye nezingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona.