1. Isingeniso kuma-valve esango

1.1. Isimiso sokusebenza kanye nomsebenzi wamavalvu esango:

Amavalvu esango angaphansi kwesigaba samavalvu asikiwe, ngokuvamile efakwa emapayipini anobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-100mm, ukuze kunqunywe noma kuxhunywe ukugeleza kwemidiya epayipini. Ngenxa yokuthi idiski yevalvu iluhlobo lwesango, ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi ivalvu yesango. Amavalvu esango anezinzuzo zokushintsha okonga abasebenzi kanye nokumelana nokugeleza okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, indawo yokuvala ithambekele ekugugeni nasekuvuzeni, ukuvuleka okukhulu, futhi ukulungiswa kunzima. Amavalvu esango awakwazi ukusetshenziswa njengamavalvu alawulayo futhi kumele abe sesimweni esivulekile ngokuphelele noma esivalwe ngokuphelele. Umgomo wokusebenza uthi: lapho ivalvu yesango ivaliwe, isiqu sevalvu siyehla futhi sithembele endaweni yokuvala ivalvu yesango kanye nendawo yokuvala isihlalo sevalvu ukuze kube bushelelezi kakhulu, kube yisicaba futhi kuhambisane, kufanelane ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwemidiya, futhi kuncike ku-wedge ephezulu ukwandisa umphumela wokuvala. Ingxenye yayo yokuvala ihamba ngokuqondile emgqeni ophakathi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamavalvu esango, angahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-wedge kanye nohlobo oluhambisanayo ngokohlobo. Uhlobo ngalunye luhlukaniswe ngesango elilodwa kanye nesango eliphindwe kabili.

1.2 Isakhiwo:

Umzimba we-valve yesango usebenzisa ifomu lokuzivala. Indlela yokuxhumanisa phakathi kwesembozo se-valve nomzimba we-valve ukusebenzisa ingcindezi ephezulu ye-medium ku-valve ukucindezela ukupakisha kokuvala ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuvala. Ukupakisha kokuvala i-valve yesango kuvaliwe ngokupakisha kwe-asbestos okunomfutho ophezulu ngentambo yethusi.

Isakhiwo se-valve yesango sakhiwe kakhuluumzimba wevalvu, isembozo sevalvu, uhlaka, isiqu sevalvu, amadiski evalvu kwesobunxele nakwesokudla, idivayisi yokuvala ukupakisha, njll.

Izinto zomzimba wevalvu zihlukaniswe ngensimbi yekhabhoni kanye nensimbi ye-alloy ngokuya ngengcindezi kanye nokushisa kwendawo yokuhambisa ipayipi. Ngokuvamile, umzimba wevalvu wenziwe ngezinto ze-alloy zamavalvu afakwe ezinhlelweni zomusi ezishisayo kakhulu, t ＞450℃ noma ngaphezulu, njengamavalvu okukhipha ibhoyila. Kumavalvu afakwe ezinhlelweni zokuphakelwa kwamanzi noma emapayipini anokushisa okuphakathi t ≤450℃, izinto zomzimba wevalvu zingaba yinsimbi yekhabhoni.

Amavalvu esango ngokuvamile afakwa kumapayipi amanzi anomusi ane-DN≥100 mm. Ububanzi obujwayelekile bamavalvu esango kubhoyila ye-WGZ1045/17.5-1 ku-Zhangshan Phase I yi-DN300, DNl25 kanye ne-DNl00.

2. Inqubo yokulungisa ivalvu yesango

2.1 Ukuhlukaniswa kwevalvu:

2.1.1 Susa amabhawodi okulungisa ohlaka olungaphezulu lwesembozo se-valve, vula ama-nuts amabhawodi amane esembozweni se-valve yokuphakamisa, phendula i-valve stem nut ngendlela ephambene newashi ukuze uhlukanise uhlaka lwe-valve nomzimba we-valve, bese usebenzisa ithuluzi lokuphakamisa ukuphakamisa uhlaka phansi bese ulubeka endaweni efanele. Indawo ye-valve stem nut kufanele ihlukaniswe futhi ihlolwe.

2.1.2 Khipha indandatho yokugcina emzimbeni we-valve evala indandatho enezindlela ezine, cindezela isembozo se-valve phansi ngethuluzi elikhethekile ukudala igebe phakathi kwesembozo se-valve nendandatho enezindlela ezine. Bese ukhipha indandatho enezindlela ezine ngezigaba. Okokugcina, sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuphakamisa ukuphakamisa isembozo se-valve kanye nesiqu se-valve nediski ye-valve emzimbeni we-valve. Yibeke endaweni yokulungisa, bese unaka ukuvimbela umonakalo ebusweni be-valve disc joint.

2.1.3 Hlanza ingaphakathi lomzimba wevalvu, hlola isimo sobuso besihlalo sevalvu, bese unquma indlela yokulungisa. Mboza ivalvu ehlukanisiwe ngesembozo noma isembozo esikhethekile, bese unamathisela uphawu.

2.1.4 Khulula amabhawodi ehinge ebhokisi lokugxusha esembozweni sevalvu. Indlala yokupakisha ikhululekile, futhi isiqu sevalvu siboshwe phansi.

2.1.5 Susa izibambo ezingaphezulu nezingezansi zohlaka lwediski yevalvu, uzihlukanise, khipha amadiski evalvu kwesobunxele nakwesokudla, bese ugcina ingaphezulu langaphakathi eliyi-universal kanye nama-gasket. Kala ubukhulu obuphelele begasket bese ubhala irekhodi.

2.2 Ukulungiswa kwezingxenye zevalvu:

2.2.1 Ubuso obuhlangene besihlalo se-valve yesango kufanele bugaywe ngethuluzi lokugaya elikhethekile (isibhamu sokugaya, njll.). Ukugaya kungenziwa ngesihlabathi sokugaya noma indwangu ye-emery. Le ndlela futhi isukela kokuqinile kuya kokucolekile, bese ekugcineni ipholisha.

2.2.2 Ubuso obuhlangene bediski yevalvu bungagaywa ngesandla noma ngomshini wokugaya. Uma kunemigodi ejulile noma imifantu ebusweni, ingathunyelwa ku-lathe noma ku-grinder ukuze icutshungulwe kancane, bese ipholishwa ngemva kokuba konke sekulinganisiwe.

2.2.3 Hlanza isembozo se-valve kanye nokupakisha kokuvala, susa ukugqwala ezindongeni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zendandatho yokucindezela kokupakisha, ukuze indandatho yokucindezela ifakwe kahle engxenyeni engenhla yesembozo se-valve, okulula ukucindezela ukupakisha kokuvala.

2.2.4 Hlanza ukupakisha ebhokisini lokugcwalisa isiqu se-valve, hlola ukuthi indandatho yesihlalo sokupakisha yangaphakathi iphelele yini, isikhala phakathi kwembobo yangaphakathi nesiqu kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo, futhi indandatho yangaphandle nodonga lwangaphakathi lwebhokisi lokugcwalisa akufanele kunamathele.

2.2.5 Hlanza ukugqwala kwe-packing gland kanye ne-pressure plate, futhi ubuso kufanele buhlanzeke futhi buphelele. Isikhala phakathi kwembobo yangaphakathi ye-gland kanye nesiqu kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo, futhi udonga lwangaphandle kanye nebhokisi lokugcwalisa akufanele kunamathele, ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele kulungiswe.

2.2.6 Khulula i-hinge bolt, hlola ukuthi ingxenye enentambo kufanele iphelele nokuthi i-nut isiphelile. Ungayiphendula kancane empandeni ye-bolt ngesandla, bese iphini kufanele ijikeleze kalula.

2.2.7 Hlanza ukugqwala ebusweni besiqu se-valve, hlola ukuthi akugobile yini, bese uyiqondisa uma kudingeka. Ingxenye yentambo ye-trapezoidal kufanele ihlale iphelele, ingenazo izintambo eziphukile kanye nomonakalo, bese ufaka impuphu yomthofu ngemva kokuhlanza.

2.2.8 Hlanza indandatho ye-four-in-one, bese ubuso bubushelelezi. Akufanele kube khona ama-burrs noma ama-curling endizeni.

2.2.9 Ibhawodi ngalinye lokubopha kufanele lihlanzwe, inathi kufanele iphelele futhi iguquguquke, futhi ingxenye enentambo kufanele igcotshwe ngempuphu yomthofu.

2.2.10 Hlanza i-stem nut kanye ne-intender bearing yangaphakathi:

① Susa izikulufo zokulungisa ze-stem nut locking nut kanye ne-housing, bese ukhulula unqenqema lwesikulufo sokukhiya ngokuphambene newashi.

② Khipha i-stem nut, i-bearing, kanye ne-disc spring, bese uzihlanza nge-parafini. Hlola ukuthi i-bearing iyajikeleza ngendlela eguquguqukayo nokuthi i-disc spring inemifantu yini.

③ Hlanza i-stem nut, hlola ukuthi intambo ye-bushing ladder yangaphakathi ayishintshile yini, kanye nezikulufo zokulungisa ezine-hoop kufanele ziqine futhi zithembeke. Ukuguga kwe-bushing kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo, ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele kushintshwe.

④ Faka ibhotela ku-bearing bese ulifaka ku-stem nut. Hlanganisa i-disc spring njengoba kudingeka bese uyifaka kabusha ngokulandelana. Ekugcineni, yivale nge-locking nut bese uyilungisa ngokuqinile ngezikulufo.

2.3 Ukuhlanganiswa kwevalvu yesango:

2.3.1 Faka amadiski evalvu kwesobunxele nakwesokudla agqitshwe endandatho ye-clamp yesiqu sevalvu bese uwalungisa ngama-clamp aphezulu naphansi. Ama-gasket aphezulu kanye nama-adjusting kufanele afakwe ngaphakathi ngokwesimo sokuhlolwa.

2.3.2 Faka isiqu se-valve kanye nediski ye-valve esihlalweni se-valve ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhlolwa. Ngemva kokuba idiski ye-valve kanye nobuso bokuvala isihlalo se-valve sezixhumene ngokuphelele, ubuso bokuvala idiski ye-valve kufanele bube ngaphezu kobuso bokuvala isihlalo se-valve futhi buhlangabezane nezidingo zekhwalithi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubukhulu be-gasket phezulu kufanele bulungiswe kuze kube yilapho bufaneleka, futhi i-stop gasket kufanele isetshenziswe ukuyivala ukuze ivimbele ukuthi iwe.

2.3.3 Hlanza umzimba wevalvu, sula isihlalo sevalvu kanye nediski yevalvu. Bese ufaka isiqu sevalvu kanye nediski yevalvu esihlalweni sevalvu bese ufaka isembozo sevalvu.

2.3.4 Faka ukupakisha kokuvala engxenyeni ezivala ngokwayo yesembozo se-valve njengoba kudingeka. Imininingwane yokupakisha kanye nenani lamasongo kufanele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso zekhwalithi. Ingxenye engenhla yokupakisha icindezelwa ngendandatho yokucindezela bese ekugcineni ivalwa ngepuleti yesembozo.

2.3.5 Hlanganisa kabusha amaringi amane abe yizingxenye, bese usebenzisa indandatho yokugcina ukuze uyivimbele ukuthi ingawa, bese uqinisa i-nut yebhawodi lokuphakamisa isembozo se-valve.

2.3.6 Gcwalisa ibhokisi lokugcwaliswa kwesigxobo se-valve nge-packing njengoba kudingeka, faka i-material gland kanye ne-pressure plate, bese uyiqinisa ngezikulufo ze-hinge.

2.3.7 Hlanganisa kabusha uhlaka lwesembozo se-valve, ujikeleze i-nut yesiqu se-valve engenhla ukuze uhlaka luwele emzimbeni we-valve, bese uluqinisa ngamabhawodi okuxhuma ukuze uluvimbele ukuthi lungawi.

2.3.8 Hlanganisa kabusha idivayisi yokushayela kagesi yevalvu; isikulufu esiphezulu sengxenye yokuxhuma kufanele siqiniswe ukuze sivimbele ukuthi singawi, bese uhlola ngesandla ukuthi iswishi yevalvu iyaguquguquka yini.

2.3.9 Ipuleti le-valve licacile, liphelele futhi lilungile. Amarekhodi okugcinwa aphelele futhi acacile; futhi amukelwe futhi afanelekile.

2.3.10 Ukufakwa kwepayipi kanye nevalvu sekuqediwe, futhi indawo yokulungisa ihlanzekile.

3. Izindinganiso zekhwalithi yokugcinwa kwamavalvu esangweni

3.1 Umzimba wevalvu:

3.1.1 Umzimba wevalvu kufanele ungabi namaphutha njengemigodi yesihlabathi, imifantu kanye nokuguguleka, futhi kufanele uphathwe ngesikhathi ngemva kokutholwa.

3.1.2 Akufanele kube khona udoti emzimbeni wevalvu kanye nepayipi, futhi indawo yokungena kanye nendawo yokukhipha amanzi akufanele ivalwe.

3.1.3 Ipulaki engezansi komzimba wevalvu kufanele iqinisekise ukuvalwa okuthembekile futhi akukho ukuvuza.

3.2 Isiqu sevalvu:

3.2.1 Izinga lokugoba kwesiqu se-valve akufanele libe ngaphezu kwe-1/1000 yobude obuphelele, ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele liqondiswe noma lishintshwe.

3.2.2 Ingxenye yentambo ye-trapezoidal yesiqu se-valve kufanele ihlale iphelele, ingenazo iziphambeko ezifana nama-buckles aphukile nama-buckles alumayo, futhi ukuguguleka akufanele kube ngaphezu kwe-1/3 yobukhulu bentambo ye-trapezoidal.

3.2.3 Ubuso kufanele bube bushelelezi futhi bungabi nokugqwala. Akufanele kube nokugqwala okuqhekekile kanye nokususwa kobuso engxenyeni yokuxhumana ne-packing seal. Ukujula kwephuzu lokugqwala elifanayo elingu-≥0.25 mm kufanele kushintshwe. Ukuphela kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kungaphezu kuka-▽6.

3.2.4 Intambo yokuxhuma kufanele ihlale iqinile futhi iphini kufanele iqine ngokuthembekile.

3.2.5 Inhlanganisela yenduku yokugawula kanye ne-nut yenduku yokugawula kufanele iguquguquke, ngaphandle kokugoqana ngesikhathi sokugawula ngokuphelele, futhi intambo kufanele imbozwe ngempuphu yomthofu ukuze kugcotshwe futhi kuvikelwe.

3.3 Uphawu lokupakisha:

3.3.1 Ingcindezi yokupakisha kanye nokushisa okusetshenzisiwe kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ze-valve medium. Umkhiqizo kufanele uhambisane nesitifiketi sokuhambisana noma uhlolwe futhi uhlonzwe ngokufanele.

3.3.2 Imininingwane yokupakisha kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zosayizi webhokisi lokuvala. Amaphakheji amakhulu kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu akufanele asetshenziswe esikhundleni salokho. Ukuphakama kokupakisha kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zosayizi wevalvu, futhi kufanele kushiywe umkhawulo wokuqinisa ukushisa.

3.3.3 I-interface yokupakisha kufanele isikwe ibe yisimo esigobile nge-engeli engu-45°. I-interface yesiyingi ngasinye kufanele ibekwe eceleni ngo-90°-180°. Ubude bokupakisha ngemva kokusika kufanele bufaneleke. Akufanele kube khona igebe noma ukugqagqana esibonakalayo lapho kufakwa ebhokisini lokupakisha.

3.3.4 Indandatho yesihlalo sokupakisha kanye ne-gland yokupakisha kufanele kube kuphelele futhi kungabi nokugqwala. Ibhokisi lokugcwalisa kufanele lihlanzeke futhi libushelelezi. Isikhala esiphakathi kwenduku yesango kanye nendandatho yesihlalo kufanele sibe ngu-0.1-0.3 mm, kanti ubukhulu bungabi ngaphezu kuka-0.5 mm. Isikhala esiphakathi kwe-gland yokupakisha, umngcele wangaphandle wendandatho yesihlalo kanye nodonga lwangaphakathi lwebhokisi lokugcwalisa kufanele sibe ngu-0.2-0.3 mm, kanti ubukhulu bungabi ngaphezu kuka-0.5 mm.

3.3.5 Ngemva kokuba amabhawodi ehinge eqinisiwe, ipuleti lokucindezela kufanele lihlale lithe tyaba futhi amandla okuqinisa kufanele afane. Imbobo yangaphakathi ye-packing gland kanye nendawo ezungeze isiqu se-valve kufanele ihambisane. I-packing gland kufanele icindezelwe ekamelweni lokupakisha kuze kube yi-1/3 yokuphakama kwayo.

3.4 Indawo yokuvala:

3.4.1 Ubuso bokuvala bediski yevalvu kanye nesihlalo sevalvu ngemva kokuhlolwa kufanele bungabi namabala kanye nemifantu, futhi ingxenye yokuxhumana kufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-2/3 yobubanzi bediski yevalvu, futhi ukuphela kwendawo kufanele kufinyelele ku-▽10 noma ngaphezulu.

3.4.2 Lapho kuhlanganiswa idiski yevalvu yokuhlola, umongo wevalvu kufanele ube ngaphezu kwamamilimitha angu-5-7 kunesihlalo sevalvu ngemva kokuba idiski yevalvu ifakiwe esihlalweni sevalvu ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa okuqinile.

3.4.3 Uma kuhlanganiswa amadiski evalvu kwesobunxele nakwesokudla, ukuzilungisa kufanele kube nokuguquguquka, futhi idivayisi yokulwa nokuwa kufanele ibe sesimweni esihle futhi ithembeke. 3.5 I-Stem nut:

3.5.1 Intambo yangaphakathi ye-bushing kufanele ihlale iphelele, ingenazo izikhonkwane eziphukile noma ezingahleliwe, futhi ukubopha ngegobolondo kufanele kube okuthembekile futhi kungabi okuxegayo.

3.5.2 Zonke izingxenye zebhereyi kufanele zihlale ziphelele futhi zijikeleze ngokuguquguqukayo. Akufanele kube nemifantu, ukugqwala, isikhumba esinzima kanye nezinye izinkinga ebusweni bemikhono yangaphakathi neyangaphandle kanye namabhola ensimbi.

3.5.3 Intwasahlobo yediski kufanele ingabi nemifantu kanye nokuguquka, ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele ishintshwe. 3.5.4 Izikulufo zokulungisa ebusweni be-nut ekhiyayo akumelwe zikhululeke. I-nut yesiqu se-valve ijikeleza kalula futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona i-axial clearance engengaphezu kuka-0.35 mm.