Indlela ivalvu yokukhipha umoya esebenza ngayo

Inkolelo-mbono ngemuva kwevalvu yokukhipha umoya iwumphumela wokuntanta koketshezi ebholeni elintantayo. Ibhola elintantayo lizontanta ngokwemvelo liye phezulu ngaphansi kokuntanta koketshezi njengoba izinga loketshezi levalvu yokukhipha umoya likhuphuka lize lithinte indawo yokuvala yembobo yokukhipha umoya. Ukucindezela okuqhubekayo kuzokwenza ibhola livale lodwa. Ibhola lizowa kanye nezinga loketshezi laphoama-valveIzinga loketshezi liyancipha. Kuleli qophelo, imbobo yokukhipha umoya izosetshenziswa ukufaka umoya omningi epayipini. Imbobo yokukhipha umoya ivuleka futhi ivale ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yokungabi namandla.

Ibhola elintantayo liyama phansi kwesitsha sebhola lapho ipayipi lisebenza ukuze likhiphe umoya omningi. Lapho nje umoya osepayipini uphela, uketshezi luyangena ku-valve, lugeleze ngesitsha sebhola elintantayo, bese lusunduza ibhola elintantayo emuva, okubangela ukuba lintante futhi livale. Uma inani elincane legesi ligcwele ku-ivalvungezinga elithile ngenkathi ipayipi lisebenza ngokujwayelekile, izinga loketshezi ku-ivalvukuzoncipha, i-float nayo izoncipha, futhi igesi izokhishwa emgodini omncane. Uma ipompo ima, kuzokhiqizwa umfutho ongemuhle nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi ibhola elintantayo lizoncipha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi kuzokwenziwa inani elikhulu lokumunca ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwepayipi. Lapho i-buoy isiphelile, amandla adonsela phansi abangela ukuthi idonse uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-lever phansi. Kuleli qophelo, i-lever iyathambekela, futhi kwakheka igebe endaweni lapho i-lever kanye nembobo yomoya zithintana khona. Ngalesi sikhala, umoya ukhishwa emgodini womoya. Ukukhipha kubangela ukuthi izinga loketshezi likhuphuke, ukuntanta kwe-float kukhuphuke, indawo yokugcina yokuvala e-lever icindezela kancane kancane imbobo yomoya kuze kube yilapho ivinjiwe ngokuphelele, futhi kuleli qophelo i-valve yomoya ivaliwe ngokuphelele.

Ukubaluleka kwama-valve okukhipha umoya

Uma i-buoy isiphelile, amandla adonsela phansi ayibangela ukuthi idonse uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-lever phansi. Kuleli qophelo, i-lever iyathambekela, bese kwakheka igebe endaweni lapho i-lever kanye nembobo yomoya zithintana khona. Ngalesi sikhala, umoya ukhishwa emgodini womoya. Ukukhishwa kubangela ukuthi izinga loketshezi likhuphuke, ukuntanta kwe-float kukhuphuke, indawo yokugcina yokuvala e-lever icindezela kancane kancane imbobo yomoya kuze kube yilapho ivalekile ngokuphelele, futhi kuleli qophelo i-valve yomoya ivaliwe ngokuphelele.

1. Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kunethiwekhi yamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi kubangelwa kakhulu yizimo ezinhlanu ezilandelayo. Lona umthombo wegesi kunethiwekhi yamapayipi okusebenza evamile.

(1) Inethiwekhi yamapayipi inqanyuliwe kwezinye izindawo noma ngokuphelele ngesizathu esithile;

(2) ukulungisa nokuthulula izingxenye ezithile zamapayipi ngokushesha;

(3) I-valve yokukhipha umoya kanye nepayipi akuqinile ngokwanele ukuvumela ukujova kwegesi ngoba izinga lokugeleza komuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu abasebenzisi abakhulu lishintshwa ngokushesha kakhulu ukuze kudalwe ingcindezi engemihle epayipini;

(4) Ukuvuza kwegesi okungagelezi;

(5) Igesi ekhiqizwa yingcindezi engemihle yokusebenza ikhishwa epayipini lokumunca ipompo yamanzi kanye ne-impeller.

2. Izici zokunyakaza kanye nokuhlaziywa kwengozi yesikhwama somoya senethiwekhi yamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi:

Indlela eyinhloko yokugcina igesi epayipini ukugeleza kwe-slug, okubhekisela kugesi ekhona phezulu kwepayipi njengezindawo eziningi zomoya ezizimele ezingaqhubeki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ububanzi bepayipi lenethiwekhi yamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi buyahlukahluka kusukela kokukhulu kuya kokuncane ngokuya kokugeleza kwamanzi okuyinhloko. Okuqukethwe kwegesi, ububanzi bepayipi, izici zesigaba sepayipi eside, nezinye izici zinquma ubude besikhwama somoya kanye nendawo enqamula amanzi esetshenziswayo. Izifundo zethiyori kanye nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kubonisa ukuthi ama-airbag ahamba ngokugeleza kwamanzi phezulu kwepayipi, avame ukuqongelela eduze kwama-pipe bends, ama-valve, nezinye izici ezinobubanzi obuhlukahlukene, futhi akhiqize ukunyakaza kwengcindezi.

Ubunzima bokushintsha kwejubane lokugeleza kwamanzi buzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhuphukeni kwengcindezi okubangelwa ukunyakaza kwegesi ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokungabikezeleki kwejubane lokugeleza kwamanzi kanye nesiqondiso kunethiwekhi yamapayipi. Ukuhlolwa okufanele kubonise ukuthi ingcindezi yayo ingakhuphuka ifike ku-2Mpa, okwanele ukuphula amapayipi ajwayelekile okuphakelwa kwamanzi. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi kuyo yonke indawo kuthinta inani lama-airbag ahambayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kunethiwekhi yamapayipi. Lokhu kwenza izinguquko zengcindezi zibe zimbi kakhulu ekugelezeni kwamanzi agcwele igesi, okwandisa amathuba okuqhuma kwamapayipi.

Okuqukethwe kwegesi, isakhiwo sepayipi, kanye nokusebenza kwazo zonke izinto ezithinta izingozi zegesi emapayipini. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezingozi: ezicacile nezifihliwe, futhi zombili zinezici ezilandelayo:

Okulandelayo ngokuyinhloko yizingozi ezicacile

(1) Ukukhishwa komoya oqinile kwenza kube nzima ukudlulisa amanzi
Uma amanzi negesi kuphakathi kwezigaba, imbobo enkulu yokukhipha umoya ye-float type exhaust valve ayenzi msebenzi nhlobo futhi ithembele kuphela ekukhipheni umoya nge-micropore, okubangela "ukuvinjelwa komoya" okukhulu, lapho umoya ungakwazi ukukhululwa, ukugeleza kwamanzi kungasheleli, futhi isiteshi sokugeleza kwamanzi sivinjiwe. Indawo enqamulayo iyancipha noma inyamalale, ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyaphazamiseka, amandla esistimu okujikeleza uketshezi ayancipha, ijubane lokugeleza kwendawo liyakhuphuka, kanye nokulahlekelwa yikhanda lamanzi kuyakhuphuka. Iphampu yamanzi idinga ukwandiswa, okuzobiza kakhulu ngamandla kanye nokuthuthwa, ukuze kugcinwe ivolumu yokujikeleza yokuqala noma ikhanda lamanzi.

(2) Ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi nokuqhuma kwamapayipi okubangelwa ukukhishwa komoya okungalingani, uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi alukwazi ukusebenza kahle.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-valve yokukhipha umoya inamandla okukhipha inani elincane legesi, amapayipi avame ukuqhekeka. Umfutho wokuqhuma kwegesi obangelwa ukukhishwa komoya okungaphelele ungafinyelela kuma-atmospheres angama-20 kuya kwangu-40, futhi amandla ayo okubhubhisa alingana nomfutho ongaguquki wama-atmospheres angama-40 kuya kwangu-40, ngokusho kwezilinganiso ezifanele zethiyori. Noma yiliphi ipayipi elisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi lingabhujiswa umfutho wama-atmospheres angama-80. Ngisho nensimbi eqinile kakhulu esetshenziswa kwezobunjiniyela ingalimala. Ukuqhuma kwamapayipi kwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izibonelo zalokhu zifaka phakathi ipayipi lamanzi elingamakhilomitha angu-91 ubude edolobheni eliseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeShayina elaqhuma ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokusetshenziswa. Kuqhuma amapayipi afinyelela ku-108, futhi ososayensi abavela eShenyang Institute of Construction and Engineering bathola ngemuva kokuhlola ukuthi kwakuwukuqhuma kwegesi. Ubude bamamitha angu-860 kuphela futhi ububanzi bamapayipi bungamamilimitha angu-1200, ipayipi lamanzi ledolobha eliseningizimu labhekana nokuqhuma kwamapayipi izikhathi eziyisithupha ngonyaka owodwa wokusebenza. Isiphetho kwaba ukuthi igesi yokukhipha umoya yiyona eyayibangela. Ukuqhuma komoya kuphela okubangelwa ukukhishwa kwepayipi lamanzi okubuthakathaka okuvela enanini elikhulu lokukhishwa kwepayipi okungalimaza ivalvu. Inkinga eyinhloko yokuqhuma kwepayipi ekugcineni ixazululwa ngokufaka ivalvu yokukhipha eshesha kakhulu enamandla engaqinisekisa inani elikhulu lokukhishwa kwepayipi.

3) Ijubane lokugeleza kwamanzi kanye nengcindezi eguquguqukayo epayipini kuyashintsha njalo, amapharamitha esistimu awazinzile, futhi ukudlidliza okukhulu nomsindo kungavela ngenxa yokukhululwa okuqhubekayo komoya oncibilikisiwe emanzini kanye nokwakhiwa okuqhubekayo nokwandiswa kwamapokhethi omoya.

(4) Ukugqwala kobuso bensimbi kuzosheshiswa ngokuchayeka emoyeni nasemanzini okunye.

(5) Ipayipi lidala imisindo engathandeki.

Izingozi ezifihliwe ezibangelwa ukugoba okungekuhle

1 Ukulawulwa kokugeleza okungalungile, ukulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamapayipi okunganembile, kanye nokwehluleka kwamadivayisi okuvikela ukuphepha konke kungabangelwa ukukhishwa komoya okungalingani;

2 Kukhona okunye ukuvuza kwamapayipi;

3 Inani lokwehluleka kwamapayipi liyakhuphuka, futhi ukushaqeka okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside kuphazamisa amalunga namapayipi nezindonga, okuholela ezinkingeni ezifaka phakathi impilo yenkonzo emfushane kanye nezindleko zokulungisa ezikhuphukayo;

Uphenyo oluningi lwethiyori kanye nezindlela ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo kubonise ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukulimaza ipayipi lamanzi elinomfutho uma liqukethe igesi eningi.

Ibhuloho lokusawula amanzi liyingozi kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kuzonciphisa impilo yodonga ewusizo, kulwenze luqhekeke kakhulu, kwandise ukulahleka kwamanzi, futhi kungabangela ukuthi ipayipi liqhume. Ukukhishwa kwepayipi kuyimbangela eyinhloko ebangela ukuvuza kwamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi edolobheni, ngakho-ke ukubhekana nale nkinga kubalulekile. Ukukhetha ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi engakhishwa futhi ukugcina igesi epayipini lokukhipha amanzi elingezansi. Ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi eshesha kakhulu manje iyahlangabezana nezidingo.

Ama-boiler, ama-air conditioner, amapayipi kawoyela negesi, amapayipi okuhambisa amanzi kanye nawokukhipha amanzi, kanye nokuthuthwa kwe-slurry okude konke kudinga i-valve yokukhipha umoya, eyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwepayipi. Ivame ukufakwa ezindaweni eziphakeme noma ezindololwaneni ukuze kusulwe igesi eyengeziwe epayipini, kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwepayipi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-valve okukhipha umoya

Inani lomoya oncibilikisiwe emanzini ngokuvamile licishe libe ngu-2VOL%. Umoya ukhishwa njalo emanzini ngesikhathi senqubo yokulethwa futhi uqoqana endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yephayiphi ukuze kwakheke iphakethe lomoya (i-AIR POCKET), elisetshenziselwa ukulethwa. Amandla esistimu yokuthutha amanzi angancipha cishe ngo-5–15% njengoba amanzi eba nzima kakhulu. Inhloso eyinhloko yale valvu encane yokukhipha amanzi ukususa umoya oncibilikisiwe ongu-2VOL%, futhi ingafakwa ezakhiweni eziphakeme, emapayipini okukhiqiza, nasezikhungweni ezincane zokupompa ukuze kuvikelwe noma kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokulethwa kwamanzi ohlelweni kanye nokonga amandla.

Umzimba wevalvu eyisiyingi yevalvu encane yokukhipha umoya ene-lever eyodwa (Uhlobo lwe-SIMPLE LEVER) uyalingana. Ububanzi obujwayelekile bembobo yokukhipha umoya busetshenziswa ngaphakathi, kanti izingxenye zangaphakathi, ezifaka phakathi i-float, i-lever, uhlaka lwe-lever, isihlalo sevalvu, njll., zonke zakhiwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304S.S futhi zilungele izimo zokucindezela zokusebenza ezifika ku-PN25.