1. I-valve yesango: I-valve yesango ibhekisela ku-valve enesitho sayo sokuvala (isango) esihamba ngendlela eqondile ye-axis yesiteshi. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukusika i-medium epayipini, okungukuthi, evuleke ngokuphelele noma evalwe ngokuphelele. Ama-valve ajwayelekile esango awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ukulawula ukugeleza. Angasetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphansi kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu, futhi angasetshenziswa ngokwezinto ezahlukene ze-valve. Kodwa-ke, ama-valve esango ngokuvamile awasetshenziswa kumapayipi athutha imidiya njengodaka.

inzuzo:
1. Ukumelana noketshezi okuncane;
2. I-torque edingekayo ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni incane;
3. Ingasetshenziswa kuphayiphi yenethiwekhi yendandatho lapho i-medium igeleza khona ngezindlela ezimbili, okungukuthi, isiqondiso sokugeleza kwe-medium asinqunyelwe;
4. Uma ivuliwe ngokuphelele, indawo yokuvala ayigugi kakhulu yi-medium esebenzayo kune-valve yomhlaba;
5. Ukuma nesakhiwo kulula kakhulu futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza ilungile;
6. Ubude besakhiwo bufushane kakhulu.

ukushiyeka:
1. Usayizi jikelele kanye nokuphakama kokuvula kukhulu, futhi isikhala sokufaka esidingekayo naso sikhulu;
2. Enqubweni yokuvula nokuvala, indawo yokuvala iyahlikihlwa ngokulinganisela, futhi ukungqubuzana kukhulu ngokulinganisela, futhi kulula ukubangela ukuklwebheka ngisho noma kushisa kakhulu;
3. Ngokuvamile, ama-valve esango anezindawo ezimbili zokuvala, okwengeza ubunzima ekucutshungulweni, ekugayweni nasekugcinweni;
4. Isikhathi sokuvula nokuvala side kakhulu.

2. I-Butterfly valve: I-Butterfly valve uhlobo lwe-valve olusebenzisa izingxenye zokuvula nokuvala uhlobo lwediski ukuze luphendukele emuva naphambili cishe ngama-90° ukuvula, ukuvala nokulungisa indlela yoketshezi.

inzuzo:
1. Isakhiwo esilula, usayizi omncane, isisindo esincane, izinto ezisetshenziswa kancane, ezingasetshenziswa kuma-valve amakhulu;
2. Ukuvula nokuvala okusheshayo, ukumelana nokugeleza okuncane;
3. Ingasetshenziswa ezindabeni ezinezinhlayiya eziqinile ezilengayo, futhi ingasetshenziswa nasezindabeni eziyimpuphu neziyi-granular ngokuya ngamandla obuso bokuvala. Ifaneleka ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni okunezindlela ezimbili kanye nokulungisa amapayipi okungenisa umoya kanye nokususa uthuli, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emapayipini egesi kanye nasemanzini ezinsimbi, embonini yokukhanya, amandla kagesi, izinhlelo ze-petrochemical, njll.

ukushiyeka:
1. Ububanzi bokulungiswa kokugeleza abubukhulu. Uma ukuvulwa kufinyelela ku-30%, ukugeleza kuzongena ngaphezu kuka-95%.
2. Ngenxa yomkhawulo wesakhiwo se-butterfly valve kanye nezinto zokuvala, ayifaneleki ohlelweni lwamapayipi okushisa okuphezulu kanye nomfutho ophezulu. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elijwayelekile lingaphansi kuka-300°C nangaphansi kwe-PN40.
3. Ukusebenza kokuvala kuphansi kunokwama-ball valve nama-globe valve, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho izidingo zokuvala zingekho phezulu kakhulu.

3. I-valve yebhola: Yavela ku-valve yepulaki. Ingxenye yayo yokuvula nokuvala iyindilinga, futhi umzimba wokuvala ujikeleziswa ngo-90° uzungeze i-axis yesiqu se-valve ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuvula nokuvala. I-valve yebhola isetshenziswa kakhulu ukusika, ukusabalalisa nokushintsha indlela yokugeleza kwe-medium epayipini, futhi i-valve yebhola eklanywe ngokuvulwa okunobume obungu-V nayo inomsebenzi omuhle wokulawula ukugeleza.

inzuzo:
1. Inokumelana nokugeleza okuphansi kakhulu (empeleni u-0);
2. Ngenxa yokuthi ngeke ibambeke lapho isebenza (ekugcotshweni), ingasetshenziswa ngokuthembekile ezindaweni ezibolile kanye nasezintweni ezibilayo eziphansi;
3. Ebangeni elikhulu lokucindezela kanye nokushisa, ingafinyelela ukuvalwa okuphelele;
4. Ingakwazi ukuvula nokuvala ngokushesha. Isikhathi sokuvula nokuvala kwezinye izakhiwo singu-0.05 ~ 0.1s kuphela, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ohlelweni oluzenzakalelayo lwebhentshi lokuhlola. Lapho uvula futhi uvala ivalvu ngokushesha, akukho ukushaqeka okusebenzayo.
5. Ilungu lokuvala eliyindilinga lingabekwa ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni yomngcele;
6. Indawo yokusebenza ivalwe ngokuthembekile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi;
7. Uma ivuliwe futhi ivaliwe ngokuphelele, indawo yokuvala ibhola kanye nesihlalo sevalvu kuhlukaniswe nendawo yokuvala, ngakho indawo yokuvala edlula kuvalvu ngesivinini esikhulu ngeke ibangele ukuguguleka kwendawo yokuvala;
8. Ngesakhiwo esincane kanye nesisindo esincane, singabhekwa njengesakhiwo se-valve esinengqondo kakhulu sohlelo oluphakathi lokushisa oluphansi;
9. Umzimba wevalvu ulingana, ikakhulukazi isakhiwo somzimba wevalvu ehlanganisiwe, esingamelana kahle nokucindezeleka okuvela epayipini;
10. Izingxenye zokuvala zingamelana nomehluko wokucindezela okuphezulu lapho kuvalwa.
11. Ivalvu yebhola enomzimba ohlanganisiwe ngokugcwele ingangcwatshwa ngqo emhlabathini, ukuze izingxenye zangaphakathi zevalvu zingagqwali, futhi isikhathi esiphezulu senkonzo singafinyelela eminyakeni engama-30. Iyivalvu efanelekile kakhulu yamapayipi kawoyela negesi yemvelo.

ukushiyeka:
1. Ngenxa yokuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvala isihlalo se-valve yebhola yi-polytetrafluoroethylene, ayisebenzi cishe kuzo zonke izinto zamakhemikhali, futhi inomkhawulo omncane wokungqubuzana, ukusebenza okuzinzile, akulula ukuguga, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa elibanzi kanye nokusebenza kokuvala Izici ezinhle kakhulu eziphelele. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo zomzimba ze-PTFE, kufaka phakathi i-coefficient ephezulu yokwanda, ukuzwela ekugelezeni okubandayo kanye nokuqhuba kahle kokushisa, kudinga ukuthi izivalo zesihlalo kumele zakhiwe zizungeze lezi zakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinto zokuvala ziqina, ukuthembeka kwesivalo kuyaphazamiseka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PTFE inesilinganiso sokushisa esiphansi futhi ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngaphansi kuka-180°C. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kushisa, izinto zokuvala zizoguga. Uma kusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile azisetshenziswa ku-120°C.
2. Ukusebenza kwayo kokulungisa kubi kakhulu kunokwe-globe valve, ikakhulukazi i-pneumatic valve (noma i-electric valve).

4. I-valve ye-globe: ibhekisela ku-valve enelungu layo lokuvala (idiski) elihamba phakathi nendawo yesihlalo se-valve. Ngokwesimo sokunyakaza kwe-disc, ushintsho lwe-port yesihlalo se-valve luhambisana nokushaya kwe-disc. Ngenxa yokuthi ukushaya kokuvula noma kokuvala kwesiqu se-valve salolu hlobo lwe-valve kufushane kakhulu, futhi kunomsebenzi wokusika othembekile kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ushintsho lokuvula kwesihlalo se-valve luhambisana nokushaya kwe-valve disc, lufanele kakhulu ukulungiswa kokugeleza. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwe-valve lufaneleka kakhulu ukusika noma ukulawula nokucindezela.

inzuzo:
1. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvula nokuvala, njengoba amandla okungqubuzana phakathi kwediski kanye nobuso bokuvala bomzimba wevalvu emancane kunalawo evalvu yesango, ayigugi.
2. Ukuphakama kokuvula ngokuvamile kuyi-1/4 yesiteshi sesihlalo, ngakho-ke kuncane kakhulu kunevalvu yesango;
3. Ngokuvamile kukhona indawo eyodwa kuphela yokuvala emzimbeni wevalvu kanye nediski yevalvu, ngakho-ke inqubo yokukhiqiza ilungile futhi kulula ukuyinakekela.
4. Njengoba isigcwalisi ngokuvamile siyingxube ye-asbestos ne-graphite, izinga lokumelana nokushisa liphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile ama-valve anomusi asebenzisa ama-valve e-globe.

ukushiyeka:
1. Njengoba indlela yokugeleza kwe-medium edlula ku-valve ishintshile, ukumelana okuncane kokugeleza kwe-valve yomhlaba nakho kuphakeme kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zama-valve;
2. Ngenxa yokushaya okude, isivinini sokuvula sihamba kancane kunese-ball valve.

5. I-plug valve: Ibhekisela ku-rotary valve enengxenye yokuvala efana ne-plunger. Ngokuzungeza okungu-90°, i-channel port ku-valve plug ixhunywe noma ihlukaniswe ne-channel port emzimbeni we-valve ukuze kuvuleke noma kuvalwe. Ukuma kwe-valve plug kungaba yi-cylindrical noma i-conical. Isimiso sayo sifana kakhulu ne-ball valve. I-ball valve yakhiwe ngesisekelo se-plug valve. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-oilfield kanye nasembonini ye-petrochemical.

6. I-valve yokuphepha: isetshenziswa njengedivayisi yokuvikela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile emikhunjini yokucindezela, imishini noma amapayipi. Lapho ukucindezela emishinini, esitsheni noma epayipini kukhuphuka ngaphezu kwenani elivunyelwe, ivalvu izovuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo bese ikhipha ngokuphelele ukuvimbela imishini, isitsha noma ipayipi ukuthi ingaqhubeki nokwenyuka; lapho ukucindezela kwehla kuya enanini elicacisiwe, ivalvu kufanele ivale ngokuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi ukuze kuvikelwe ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini, amaphakethe noma amapayipi.

7. Isicupho somusi: Amanye amanzi ahlanganisiwe azokwakhiwa ekuthuthweni komusi, umoya ocindezelwe kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza okuphephile kwedivayisi, lezi zinto ezingasebenzi futhi eziyingozi kufanele zikhishwe ngesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa nokuphepha kokusetshenziswa kwedivayisi. Inemisebenzi elandelayo: 1. Ingasusa ngokushesha amanzi ahlanganisiwe; 2. Vimbela ukuvuza komusi; 3. Susa umoya kanye namanye amagesi angangenisi umoya.

8. I-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi: Iyivalvu enciphisa ingcindezi yokungena iye kwingcindezi ethile yokukhipha edingekayo ngokulungiswa, futhi ithembele emandleni e-medium ngokwayo ukuze igcine ngokuzenzakalelayo ingcindezi yokukhipha ezinzile.

9. I-valve yokuhlola: eyaziwa nangokuthi i-valve yokugeleza ebuyela emuva, i-valve yokuhlola, i-valve yokucindezela emuva kanye ne-valve yendlela eyodwa. Lawa ma-valve avulwa futhi avalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngamandla akhiqizwa ukugeleza kwe-medium ngokwayo epayipini, okuwuhlobo lwe-valve ezenzakalelayo. I-valve yokuhlola isetshenziswa ohlelweni lwepayipi, futhi umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvimbela ukugeleza okubuyela emuva kwe-medium, ukujikeleza okubuyela emuva kwephampu kanye ne-drive motor, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-medium yesitsha. Ama-valve okuhlola nawo asetshenziswa emigqeni ehlinzeka ngezinhlelo ezisizayo lapho ingcindezi ingakhuphuka ngaphezu kwengcindezi yesistimu. Ingahlukaniswa kakhulu ngohlobo lwe-swing (olujikelezayo ngokuya ngesikhungo sokudonsa amandla adonsela phansi) kanye nohlobo lokuphakamisa (oluhamba nge-axis)