I-Taboo 11

I-valve ifakwe ngokungalungile. Isibonelo, i-valve yomhlaba nomahlola ama-valveukugeleza kwamanzi (noma umusi) kuphambene nesophawu, futhi isiqu se-valve sigitsheliswa phansi. I-valve yokuhlola ifakwe iqonde esikhundleni sokuvundlile. Ngicela, kude nomnyango wokuhlola.

Imiphumela: I-valve ayisebenzi kahle, iswishi kuyinselele ukuyilungisa, futhi isiqu se-valve sivame ukukhomba phansi, okuholela ekuvuzeni kwamanzi.
Izinyathelo: Landela imiyalelo yokufaka i-valve ohlwini. Shiya ubude obanele bokuvula ukuze uthole izandiso zesiqu seama-valve esangoeneziqu ezikhuphukayo. Cabangela ngokugcwele indawo yokuphenduka yesibambo ngenkathi usebenzisa amavalvu ovemvane. Iziqu zama-valve ahlukene akufanele zibekwe ngaphansi kunovundlile noma phansi. Ngaphezu kokuba nomnyango wokuhlola ongavumela ukuvuleka nokuvalwa kwama-valve, ama-valve afihliwe kufanele futhi abe nesiqu se-valve esibheke emnyango wokuhlola.

Taboo 12

Ama-valve afakiwe' amamodeli nokucaciswa akuhambelani nezindinganiso zokuklama. Isibonelo, ipayipi lokumunca iphampu yomlilo lisebenzisa i-valve uvemvane lapho ububanzi bepayipi bungaphansi noma bulingana no-50mm, futhi ipayipi elomile nelomile lokushisisa kwamanzi ashisayo lisebenzisa i-valve yokumisa lapho umfutho we-valve ungaphansi kokuhlolwa kwesistimu. ingcindezi.

Imiphumela: shintsha indlela ivalvu evame ukuvuleka futhi ivale ngayo, kanye nendlela ukumelana, ukucindezela, neminye imisebenzi elungiswa ngayo. Okubi nakakhulu ukuthi kuholele ekutheni i-valve iphuke futhi kudingeke ukuthi ilungiswe ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa uhlelo.

Izinyathelo: Yazi i-spectrum yezinhlelo zokusebenza zamavalvu ahlukene, bese ukhetha ama-specs kanye nemodeli yevalvu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomklamo. Ukucindezela kwe-valve okuzisholo kufanele kwenelise ukucaciswa kwengcindezi yokuhlolwa kwesistimu. Ngokwezinga lokwakha, i-valve yokumisa kufanele isetshenziswe lapho ububanzi bepayipi legatsha lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi lingaphansi noma lilingana no-50mm; uma ingaphezulu kuka-50mm, i-valve yesango kufanele isetshenziswe. Amavalvu ovemvane akufanele asetshenziselwe amapayipi okumunca iphampu yomlilo, futhi amavalvu esango kufanele asetshenziselwe ukushisisa amanzi ashisayo amavalvu omile naqondile okulawula amanzi ashisayo.

Taboo 13

Ngaphambi kokuba i-valve ifakwe, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi edingekayo akwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemithetho.

Imiphumela: Ukuvuza kwamanzi (noma isitimu) kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu ngenxa yokuthi iswishi ye-valve iyavumelana nezimo futhi ukuvala akuqinile, kudinga ukusetshenzwa kabusha nokulungiswa futhi kuthinte ngisho nokunikezwa kwamanzi avamile (noma isitimu).

Izinyathelo: Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okucindezela kanye nokuqina kufanele kuqedwe ngaphambi kokufaka i-valve. U-10% weqoqo ngalinye (umkhiqizo ofanayo, ukucaciswa okufanayo, imodeli efanayo) kufanele kukhethwe ngokungahleliwe ukuze kuhlolwe, kodwa kungabi ngaphansi kokukodwa. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla nokuqina kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngesikhathi kuvalvu ngayinye evalekile efakwe epayipini elikhulu elizonqanyulwa. "Ikhodi Yokwamukelwa Kwekhwalithi Yokwakhiwa Kokuhlinzekwa Kwamanzi Okwakha, Ukukhipha Indle kanye Nobunjiniyela Bokushisa" (GB 50242-2002) kufanele ilandelwe ukuze kuhlolwe amandla nokucindezela kokuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-valve.

Taboo 14

Iningi lempahla, imishini, nezinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni azinazo izitifiketi zokufaneleka komkhiqizo noma imibhalo yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe edingwa uhulumeni noma ungqongqoshe ukuze kufezeke imibandela yamanje.

Imiphumela: Izinga eliphansi lephrojekthi, izingozi zezingozi ezifihliwe, ukungakwazi ukuqedwa ngesikhathi esimisiwe, kanye nesidingo sokusebenza kabusha konke kunomthelela ekwandiseni izikhathi zokwakha kanye nenani eliphezulu lemisebenzi kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo.

Izinyathelo: Imikhiqizo eyinhloko, izinto zokwakha, kanye namathuluzi asetshenziswa ekunikezeni amanzi, ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukushisisa, kanye nemiklamo yokuthuthwa kwendle kufanele ibe nemibhalo yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe noma izitifiketi zokufaneleka zomkhiqizo ezikhishwe uhulumeni noma umnyango ohlangabezana namazinga amanje; amagama emikhiqizo yabo, amamodeli, imininingwane, kanye namazinga ekhwalithi kazwelonke kufanele amakwe. Igama lekhodi, idethi yokukhiqiza, igama lomkhiqizi nendawo, isitifiketi sokuhlola, noma igama lekhodi lomkhiqizo wangaphambili wemboni.

Taboo 15

I-Valve Flip

Imiphumela: Ukuqondisa kuyisici samavalvu amaningi, okuhlanganisa ama-valve okuhlola, ama-throttle valve, ama-valve okunciphisa ukucindezela, nama-stop valves. Umphumela wokusetshenziswa nokuphila kwe-valve ye-throttle kuzothinteka uma zisethwa zibheke phansi; kungase kube ngisho nokufa.

Izinyathelo: Kunophawu oluqondisayo emzimbeni wamavalvu wamavalvu ajwayelekile; uma lungekho uphawu lokuqondisa, i-valve kufanele ikhonjwe ngokunembile ngokusekelwe endleleni esebenza ngayo. Uketshezi kufanele lugeleze ngembobo ye-valve ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu ukuze ukuvuleka konga umsebenzi (ngoba ukucindezela okuphakathi kuphezulu) futhi okuphakathi akucindezeli ukupakisha ngemva kokuvala, okulungele ukulungiswa. I-valve ye-valve yokumisa i-asymmetrical ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla. I-valve yembulunga ayikwazi ukushintshwa ngenxa yalokhu.

Ukufaka ivalve yesango ibheke phansi, isondo lesandla libheke phansi, kuzokwenza ukuthi indawo ephakathi nendawo ihlale endaweni yebhonethi isikhathi eside, okungalungile ekugqwaleni kwesiqu se-valve kanye nokuphikisana nemithetho yezinqubo ezithile. Ukushintsha ukupakisha ngesikhathi esifanayo akulula kakhulu. Isiqu se-valve esiveziwe sizowohloka ngenxa yomswakama uma i-valve yesango ye-stem ekhuphukayo ifakwe ngaphansi komhlaba. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-disc imile lapho ufaka i-valve yokuhlola i-lift ukuze iphakanyiswe kalula. Qinisekisa ukuthi iphinikhodi ivundlile uma ukhweza i-valve yokuhlola i-swing ukuze ivuleke ngokukhululeka. Epayipini elivundlile, i-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi kufanele ifakwe iqonde; akufanele ithambekele nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Taboo 16

Ukuvula nokuvalwa kwe-valve ngesandla, amandla amakhulu

Imiphumela: iyahluka ukusuka ekulimaleni kwevalvu kuya ezenzakalweni eziyinhlekelele

Izinyathelo: Amandla wendawo yokuvala namandla okuvala adingekayo ayacatshangelwa ngenkathi kwakhiwa ivalvu yezandla, kanye nesondo layo lesandla noma isibambo, somsebenzi wansuku zonke. Ngenxa yalokho, ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa nge-wrench ende noma i-lever. Abanye abantu bajwayele ukusebenzisa isikrufu, futhi kufanele baqikelele kakhulu ukuthi bangasebenzisi amandla amaningi ngoba ukwenza kanjalo kungase kulimaze kalula indawo yokuvala noma kubangele isikrufu ukuthi siphuke isondo lesandla nesibambo. Amandla asetshenziswa ukuvula nokuvala i-valve kufanele ahambisane futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ezinye izingxenye zamavalvu anomfutho ophezulu ezithinta ukuvula nokuvala ziye zacabangela iqiniso lokuthi la mandla okushayisana awakwazi ukufana namavalvu avamile. Ngaphambi kokuvula, i-valve ye-steam idinga ukushiswa, futhi amanzi ahlanganisiwe adinga ukuchithwa. Ukuvimbela isando samanzi, kufanele sivulwe kancane kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Isondo lesandla lidinga ukujikeleziswa kancane libheke phansi ngemva kokuba i-valve ivuliwe ngokugcwele ukuze kuqiniswe izintambo futhi kuvimbele ukuxega kanye nokulimala.

Kumavalvu esiqu akhuphukayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isiqu sikuphi lapho sivuleke ngokugcwele futhi sivaleke ngokugcwele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushaya indawo engaphezulu efile. Ukwengeza, kulula ukunquma ukuthi ijwayelekile uma ivaliwe ngokuphelele. Indawo yesiqu se-valve izogudluka lapho ivalwa ngokugcwele uma isiqu se-valve siphuka noma uma kunempahla ebalulekile efakwe phakathi kwe-valve core seal. Ivalvu ingavulwa kancane ukuze ivumele ukugeleza kwesivinini esikhulu se-medium ukuthi kugeze ukungcola okusindayo kwepayipi ngaphambi kokuba kuvalwe kahle (ungavali kungazelelwe noma ngobudlova ukuze ugweme ukungcola okuyinsalela okumpintsha indawo evalekayo). Yiqale kabusha, yenza lokhu izikhathi eziningana, ugeze ukungcola, bese uyisebenzisa njengenjwayelo.

Lapho uvala ama-valve avame ukuvuleka, noma iyiphi imfucumfucu endaweni yokuvala kufanele isulwe kusetshenziswa indlela eshiwo ngenhla ngaphambi kokuba ivalvu ivalwe ngokusemthethweni. Ukuze ugweme ukulimaza isikwele sesiqu se-valve, ukwenza i-valve ihluleke ukuvula nokuvala, futhi kubangele izingozi ezihlobene nokukhiqiza, isondo lesandla nesibambo kufanele kufakwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka uma kuphukile noma kulahleke. I-wrench eguquguqukayo ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuzishintsha. Ngemuva kokuthi i-valve ivaliwe, amanye ama-mediums apholile, okubangela ukuthi i-valve inkontileka. Ukuze uvimbele ukuqhekeka ukuthi kungabonakali endaweni evalekayo, opharetha kufanele ayivale futhi ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma kuvela ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukuthi kubiza kakhulu, kufanele kuphenywe imbangela.

Kungenzeka ukulungisa ukupakisha ngokwanele uma kuqine kakhulu. Abasebenzi kufanele baxwayiswe ukulungisa isiqu se-valve uma sigwegwile. Uma i-valve kufanele ivulwe ngalesi sikhathi, intambo yekhava ye-valve ingathukululwa ngesigamu sesiyingi kumbuthano owodwa ukuze kunciphise ukucindezeleka esiqwini se-valve, bese uphendulela isondo lesandla. Kwamanye ama-valve, lapho i-valve isesimweni esivaliwe, ingxenye yokuvala izokhula ngenxa yokushisa, okwenza kube nzima ukuyivula.

I-Taboo 17

Ukufakwa okungalungile kwama-valve emvelo okushisa aphezulu

Imiphumela: Ukubangela ukuchitheka

Izinyathelo: Njengoba amavalvu okushisa aphezulu angaphezu kuka-200 ° C efakwe ekamelweni lokushisa, kufanele aqiniswe kabusha ukuze alondoloze “ukushisa okuqinile” ngemva kokusebenza okuvamile lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, amabhawodi ayanda ngenxa yokushisa, futhi igebe liyavuleka. Ama-opharetha kumele agxile kulo msebenzi ngoba ukuvuza kungenzeka kalula ngaphandle kwawo.

Taboo 18

Ukushoda kwamanzi lapho kubanda

Izinyathelo: Amanzi aqoqene ngemuva kwevalvu yamanzi adinga ukukhishwa uma kubanda ngaphandle futhi nevalvu yamanzi ivaliwe isikhashana. Amanzi ajiyile kufanele akhishwe lapho i-valve yesitimu isicisha isitimu. Iphansi levalvu lifana nepulaki elingavulwa ukuze kuphume amanzi.

Taboo 19

I-valve engeyona eyensimbi, amandla okuvula nawokuvala makhulu kakhulu

Izinyathelo: Ama-valve angewona awensimbi afika ngamandla ahlukahlukene, amanye awo aqinile futhi ayaphuka. Lapho isetshenziswa, amandla asetshenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala akufanele abe ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi angabi nolaka. Qaphela futhi ugweme ukungqubuzana ezintweni.

Taboo 20

I-valve entsha ipakishwa iqine kakhulu

Izinyathelo: Ukupakisha akufanele kupakishwe kuqine kakhulu lapho i-valve entsha isebenza ukuze kuvinjwe ukuvuza, ukucindezela okukhulu esiqwini se-valve, ukuguga okusheshayo, kanye nokuvula nokuvala okukhandlekayo. Izinqubo zokwakha ama-valve, izinsiza zokuvikela ama-valve, i-bypass kanye ne-instrumentation, kanye nokushintshwa kwama-valve ukupakisha konke kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile njengoba izinga lokufakwa kwama-valve lithinta ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa.