I-Taboo 1

Ukuhlolwa komfutho wamanzi kufanele kwenziwe ezimeni ezibandayo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwasebusika.
Imiphumela: Ipayipi liqandisiwe futhi lonakaliswa ngenxa yokubanda okusheshayo kwepayipi lokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic.
Izinyathelo: Zama ukuhlola umfutho wamanzi ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa ebusika futhi uvale amanzi ngemva kokuhlolwa, ikakhulukazi amanzii-valve, okufanele ihlanzwe ngaphandle kwalokho ingagqwala noma, okubi nakakhulu, iqhekeke. Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic ngesikhathi sasebusika, iphrojekthi kumele igcine izinga lokushisa elikhululekile langaphakathi futhi likhiphe amanzi ngemva kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi.

I-Taboo 2

Uhlelo lwamapayipi kufanele lugudluzwe, kodwa lokhu akuyona indaba enkulu ngoba ukuhamba nesivinini akuwenelisi amazinga. Ngisho nokuhlanza kushintsha indawo yokukhipha amanzi ukuze kuhlolwe amandla e-hydraulic. Imiphumela: Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lamanzi alihlangabezani nezindinganiso zokusebenza zesistimu yamapayipi, izingxenye zamapayipi ngokuvamile ziyancishiswa ngosayizi noma ziyavaleka. Sebenzisa inani eliphezulu lejusi elingageleza ohlelweni noma okungenani u-3 m/s wokugeleza kwamanzi ukuze ushaywe. Ukuze kucatshangelwe ukuphuma kokukhishwa, umbala wamanzi nokucaca kufanele kufane nalawo amanzi angenayo.

I-Taboo 3

Ngaphandle kokuhlola amanzi avaliwe, indle, amanzi emvula, namapayipi e-condensate ayafihlwa. Imiphumela: Kungase kubangele ukuvuza kwamanzi kanye nokulahlekelwa ngabasebenzisi. Izinyathelo: Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi avaliwe kudinga ukuhlolwa futhi kuvunywe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana neziqondiso. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke okungaphansi komhlaba, ngaphakathi kosilingi, phakathi kwamapayipi, nezinye izinto ezifihliwe—kuhlanganise nalezo ezithwala indle, amanzi emvula, ne-condensate—akuvuzi.

I-Taboo 4

Inani lokucindezela kuphela kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinga lamanzi okubonwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamandla we-hydraulic kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwesistimu yamapayipi; ukuhlola ukuvuza akwanele. Ukuvuza okwenzeka ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwesistimu yepayipi kuphazamisa ukusetshenziswa okuvamile. Izinyathelo: Uma isistimu yamapayipi ihlolwa ngokuhambisana nezicaciso zedizayini nemihlahlandlela yokwakha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqinisekise ngokugcwele ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuza ngaphezu kokurekhoda inani lokucindezela noma ukuguqulwa kwezinga lamanzi phakathi nesikhathi esibekiwe.
I-Taboo 5

Ama-valve flange ajwayelekile asetshenziswa nawoizivalo uvemvane. Usayizi weuvemvane valvei-flange ihluke kuleyo ye-valve flange evamile ngenxa yalokho. Amanye ama-flange anobubanzi obuncane bangaphakathi kuyilapho i-disc yevalve uvemvane inenkulu, okubangela ukuthi i-valve ingasebenzi kahle noma ivuleke kanzima futhi ibangele umonakalo. Izinyathelo: Bamba i-flange ngokuhambisana nosayizi wangempela we-flange wovemvane.

Taboo 6

Lapho isakhiwo sesakhiwo sakhiwa, azikho izingxenye ezishumekiwe ezazigodliwe, noma izingxenye ezishunyekiwe azizange zikhethwe futhi imigodi egodliwe yayincane kakhulu. Imiphumela: Ukuchotshozwa kwesakhiwo noma ukusika izinsimbi zensimbi ezigxilile kuzoba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kokuphepha kwesakhiwo ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwamaphrojekthi okushisa nokuthuthwa kwendle. Izinyathelo: Funda amapulani ezakhiwo zephrojekthi yokushisisa nokukhucululwa kwendle ngokucophelela, futhi ubambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokwakha ngokugcina izimbobo nezingxenye ezishumekiwe njengoba kudingeka ukuze kufakwe amapayipi, izisekelo, neziphanyeko. Sicela ubhekisele ngokuqondile ekucacisweni kokwakhiwa kanye nencazelo yedizayini.

I-Taboo 7

Lapho ipayipi lishiselwe, ukuqondanisa kusuke kuphakathi nendawo, alikho igebe elisele ekuqondeni, i-groove ayifosholo ipayipi elinezindonga eziwugqinsi, futhi ububanzi nokuphakama kwe-weld akuhambisani nencazelo yokwakha. Imiphumela: Ngenxa yokuthi ipayipi aligxilile, inqubo yokushisela ngeke iphumelele futhi izobukeka ingaphansi kochwepheshe. Lapho ububanzi nobude be-weld bunganelisi ukucaciswa, alikho igebe phakathi kwabalingani, ipayipi elinezindonga eziqinile aliyifaki i-groove, futhi i-welding ayikwazi ukufeza izidingo zamandla.
Izinyathelo: Gcoba amapayipi anezindonga eziwugqinsi, shiya izikhala emajoyintini, bese uhlela amapayipi ngendlela yokuthi abe semgqeni omaphakathi uma amalunga eseshiselwe. Ukwengeza, ububanzi nobude bomthungo wokushisela kufanele bushiselwe ngokuvumelana neziqondiso.

I-Taboo 8

Ipayipi ligqitshwa ngqo phezu kwe-permafrost kanye nenhlabathi evulekile engalungiswanga, futhi kusetshenziswa nezitini ezomile. Izinsimbi zokusekela ipayipi nazo azihlukanisiwe futhi zibekwe kahle. Imiphumela: Ngenxa yokwesekwa okuntengantengayo, ipayipi lalimala ngesikhathi sokucindezelwa kwenhlabathi yokugcwaliswa ngemuva, okudinge ukusetshenzwa kabusha nokulungiswa. Izinyathelo: Inhlabathi evulekile enganakiwe kanye neqhwa akuzona izindawo ezifanele zokumbela amapayipi. Isikhala phakathi kwama-buttresses kumele sihambisane neziqondiso zokwakha. Ukuze kuphelele futhi kuzinze, udaka lukasimende kufanele lusetshenziselwe ukwakha izisekelo zezitini.

Isiqephu 9

Usekelo lwamapayipi lulungiswa kusetshenziswa amabhawodi wokunweba, kodwa izinto zamabhawodi zingaphansi, izimbobo zawo zikhulu kakhulu, noma zigxunyekwe ezindongeni zezitini noma ezindongeni ezilula. Imiphumela: Ipayipi liyahlanekezelwa noma liyawa, futhi ukusekela kwepayipi kuncane. Amabhawodi okunweba kufanele akhethe izinto ezinokwethenjelwa, futhi amasampula angase adinge ukuthi ahlolwe ukuze ahlolwe. Ububanzi bembobo esetshenziselwa ukufaka amabhawodi wokunweba akufanele bube bukhulu ngo-2 mm kunodayamitha wangaphandle wamabhawodi wokunweba. Ezakhiweni zikakhonkolo, amabhawodi okunweba kufanele asetshenziswe.

I-Taboo 10

Amabhothi okuxhuma mafushane kakhulu noma anobubanzi obuncane, futhi ama-flange nama-gaskets asetshenziselwa ukujoyina amapayipi awaqinile ngokwanele. Ukushisa amapayipi, amapayipi enjoloba asetshenziswa, amapayipi amanzi abandayo, amaphedi aphindwe kabili noma ama-inclined pads, nama-flange pads aphuma epayipi. Imiphumela: Ukuvuza kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi uxhumano lwe-flange luxega noma lonakele. I-flange gasket iphumela ngaphandle epayipini, okwenza amanzi ageleze abe nzima kakhulu. Izinyathelo: Ama-flange wepayipi kanye nama-gaskets kufanele ahambisane nezicaciso zengcindezi yokusebenza komklamo wepayipi. Ukuze uthole ama-flange gaskets ekushiseni kanye namapayipi okuhambisa amanzi ashisayo, ama-gaskets e-asbestos enjoloba kufanele asetshenziswe; kuma-flange gaskets ekunikezeni amanzi kanye namapayipi okukhipha amanzi, ama-gaskets enjoloba kufanele asetshenziswe. Ayikho ingxenye ye-gasket ye-flange engangena epayipini, futhi indilinga yayo yangaphandle kufanele ithinte imbobo yebhawodi ye-flange. Isikhungo se-flange akufanele sibe namaphedi e-bevel noma amaphedi amaningi. Ibhawodi elixhuma i-flange kufanele libe nobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-2 mm ubukhulu kunombobo we-flange, futhi ubude bentongomane ephumayo kunduku yebhawodi kufanele bulingane nengxenye yogqinsi lwamantongomane.